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AP 2 - Book PT. 2

Lecture 12 exam study - Routine Projections - IVU

QuestionAnswer
Structures best demonstrated on 1st (Posterior) Tomogram (IVU) The "Nephron Phase" prior to contrast medium reaching the collecting tubules and upper poles of Kidneys
Structures best demonstrated on 2nd and 3rd Tomograms (IVU) 2nd: The Collecting Stage of Kidney filtration - Calyces and Renal Pelvis filling with contrast medium 3rd (Anterior): The Lower Poles of the Kidneys
Structures best demonstrated on the 5-Minute Kidney Cone-down Image (IVU) Calyces and Renal Pelvis filled with contrast medium
Structures best demonstrated on the 10-minute KUB with Abdominal Compression in place (IVU) The entire Urinary System filled with contrast medium
Structures best demonstrated on the 12-minute KUB post-compression release image (IVU) The distal ureters filling with contrast and the UVJ and Urinary Bladder filled with contrast medium
Structures best demonstrated on the Delayed Images (IVU) The Renal Pelvis demonstrated with lack of contrast in the Ureters due to Hydronephrosis
Structures best demonstrated on the 20-30 degree AP Oblique Projections of the Kidneys - RPO Left Kidney in profile - Right Ureter will lie parallel and away from Spine
Structures best demonstrated on the 20-30 degree AP Oblique Projections of the Kidneys - LPO Right Kidney in profile - Left Ureter will lie parallel and away from the Spine
Structures demonstrated on the AP Oblique Bladder Image Performed to localize a stone in the UVJ of the Side up - distinguish between a Phlebolith and a Ureteral Calculus in the UVJ
Structures demonstrated on the AP Upright Image Demonstrates possible Nephroptosis and facilitates draining of the Calyces and Renal Pelvis
Abnormal dropping or prolapse of the Kidneys Nephroptosis
Structures best demonstrated on a PA Projection/Prone Recumbent Image The distal Ureters filled with contrast medium - Prone position utilizes natural compression of abdomen (displace overlying loops of bowel from the Kidney area)
Structures best demonstrated on the Post-Void Image How well the patient is able to empty the Bladder; in Males demonstrates an enlarged Prostate
Two common procedures of the Urinary System that are performed in CT: 1. Stone Run 2. CT Urography
One of the best methods in CT to detect Kidney Stones - often ER patients in severe pain, without contrast or bowel prep Stone Run
A functional examination using contrast medium to visualize the Urinary System in the same way that an IVU does CT Urography
A general term used to describe the radiographic imaging of the Urinary Bladder with contrast medium Cystography
The two types of Cystogram procedures are performed in Diagnostic Radiology: Retrograde Cystogram and Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)
Clinical Indications for the Retrograde Cystogram Trauma and Quadriplegic/Paraplegic patients with an indwelling catheter to evaluate the bladder due to recurrent UTI's and Post Operative for male patients who had prostate Gland Removal
Clinical Indications for a Voiding Cystoruthrogram (VCUG) The presence or absence of Vesicoureteral Reflux from the bladder into the ureters
When is Reflux best demonstrated when performing a VCUG procedure? While the patient is voiding
Patient prep prior to a Retrograde Cystogram and a VCUG No prep - patient should not void prior to exam
Height requirement that the Contrast bottle should be placed from the top of the xray table when performing a Cystogram and a VCUG? 40 cm
Why is the contrast placed at a specific height from the top of the x-ray table? To ensure that the contrast medium will not be infused too quickly to avoid rupturing the bladder
Exam where the Bladder is examined under fluoro for extravasation of contrast medium into the peritoneal cavity? Retrograde Cystogram
What is done with the contrast medium if there is extravasation into the peritoneal cavity? It is turned off and Catheter is removed
During a VCUG, when is the contrast medium turned off? When the Bladder is full
Exam where the Radiologist will look for evidence for Vesicoureteral Reflux from the Bladder into the Ureters with the catheter in place? VCUG
Is the catheter removed for the voiding part of a VCUG procedure? Yes
Routine Overhead imaging for a VCUG upon request of Radiologist: 1. AP Projection - Post-Drain/Post-Void 2. 45 Degree AP Oblique positions of the Bladder
Best demonstrated on 45 degree Oblique positions of the Bladder UVJ (side up is demonstrated)
A mobile fluoroscopic procedure of the Kidneys and Ureters in which contrast medium is introduced in retrograde (against the flow) fashion through the catheterization of the Ureters by a Urologist Retrograde Ureterogram (RUG)
Where is the Retrograde Ureterogram performed? In a specialized Urology Suite in the OR with the patient sedated or under general anesthesia
Clinical Indication of a Retrograde Ureterogram Obstruction in Urinary system or location of undetected calculi
Popular Radiology sets

 

 



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