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IPE SET A
Image Production and Evaluation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the margin of error for the specific gravity of processing solutions? | 0.004 |
| Which of the following are factors that affect the efficacy of silver reclamation systems? | (1) dwell time, (2) agitation, & (3) surface area? |
| The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1987 limits liquid waste to a toxic level of no more than _____________ ppm | 5 |
| Which of the following values is the maximum variation allowed for the contrast indicator in daily sensitometric films. | . + 0.15 |
| Which of the following units is used for measurement of precious metal such as silver? | Troy Ounce |
| Hydrogen ions (H+) that constitute 1/10,000 of a molar of a liquid would have which of the following pH values? | 4 |
| Which of the following materials are used in the construction of an entrance roller? | Rubberized Plastic |
| What type of films does the presence of bromide drag produce? | Underdeveloped |
| A decrease in kilovoltage by 15% will reduce the film blackening by | one half |
| Photometric readings from each quadrant of the angle box panel should not vary by more than + ___ %. | 10 |
| The emulsion consists of approximately how many percent of silver chloride or silver iodide? | 5% |
| If the developer temperature is set at 96oF, then the water wash temperature should be set at ___of? | 91 |
| Proper darkroom ventilation should include _____________________ room changes of air per hour? | 8 to 10 |
| Which of the following names a device that can be used to measure darkroom humidity levels? | Psychrometer |
| Which of the following terms is the unit most commonly used to measure luminance? | Nit |
| When mixing developer solutions from concentrate, which part should be placed into the tank first? | Water |
| What process is conducted automatically by automatic film processors? | Replenishment |
| Which of the following does not affect patient dose during diagnostic radiography? | Focal spot size |
| In the geometric aspects of image formation magnification will increase if | OFD will increase |
| Which of the following terms best describes the amount of light that is emitted from or by scattered by surface? | lluminance |
| In an automatic processor, which of the following is not considered part of the three principal subsystems of the film transport system? | Microswitch |
| Which of the following terms refers to the amount of light emitted by a screen for a given amount of x-ray exposure? | Speed |
| Which of the following chemicals are synergistic? A. Phenidone / hydroquinone - developer B. Sodium sulfite / sodium C. Sodium carbonate / chloride D. Potassium aluminum / potassium aluminum | A. Phenidone / hydroquinone - developer |
| Where is the latent image actually formed? A. Base B. Bromine atom C. Gelatin D. Silver halide crystal | D. Silver halide crystal |
| Which fixer solution is used in removing unexposed and underdeveloped silver in the film? A. Solvent B. Fixing agent C. Ammonium thiosulfate - clearing agent D. Acidifier | C. Ammonium thiosulfate - clearing agent |
| The remnant beam carries a signal in the form of area of different radiation intensity under different tissue. This is caused by: A. Quantum mottle C. Homogeneity B. Noise D. Subject contrast | Subject contrast |
| Which of the terms below applies to Roentgen’s barium platinocyanide screen when he discovered x-ray: A. Luminescent and phosphorescent B. Luminescent and fluorescent C. Phosphorescent only D. Fluorescent and phosphorescent | Luminescent and fluorescent |
| Upon development of an exposed emulsion crystal, black metallic silver coagulates around: A. Sensitivity specks C. Free electrons B. Bromine ions D. Migrant silver ions | Sensitivity specks |
| The principal purpose of gelatine in the emulsion is to: A. Support the silver halide crystals uniformly B. Facilitate image processing C. Produce film that is lucent D. Provide dimensional stability to the film | Support the silver halide crystals uniformly |
| The latent image at the crystal level: A. Guide shoe B. Is a collection of silver atoms C. Planetary roller D. Requires x-ray interaction | Is a collection of silver atoms |
| The 3-inch master roller is a part of a: A. Guide shoe C. Planetary roller B. Microswitch D. Turnaround assembly | Turnaround assembly |
| The approximate developer conditions in a 90-second processor are: A.950F, 22s C. 850F, 45s B. 950C, 25s D. 850C, 45s | 950F, 22s |
| Control of the replenishment system is accomplished by a: A. Drive motor C. Microswitch B. Float valve D. Timer | Microswitch |
| If the power of the drive motor is transferred through a chain, the connecting device is usually a: A. Gear C. Roller B. Pulley D. Sprocket | Sprocket |
| Dry-to-drop time refers to A. Development time C. Passbox-to-receiving bin time B. Exposure-to-viewbox D. Time from feed tray to receiving bin | Time from feed tray to receiving bin |
| Between the fixing tank and wash tank, the film passes through a: A. Crossover rack C. Receiving bin B. Drying chamber D. Transportation rack | Crossover rack |
| The principal purpose of the circulation system is to: A. Agitate the chemistry C. Control chemistry concentration B. Agitate the film D. Control chemistry temperature | Control chemistry temperature |
| Segment of the circulation system that is most important to archival quality: A. Developing C. Fixing B. Drying D. Washing | Fixing |
| Under Replenishment of the developer will result in: A. A decrease in contrast B. A reduction in spatial resolution C. An improvement in spatial resolution D. An increase in contrast | A decrease in contrast |
| Replenishment tanks should have close-fitting floating lids primarily: A. For control of replenishment rate B. For control of temperature C. To control aerial oxidation D. To easily monitor fluid level | To control aerial oxidation |
| When a film is inserted into an automatic processor: A. A microswitch grips it B. Guide shoes grip it C. It should be centered on the feed tray D. The short dimension should be against the rail. | The short dimension should be against the rail |
| Adequate drying is necessary to: A. Complete fixation B. Complete development C. Reduce artifacts D. Obtain adequate contrast | Reduce artifacts |
| Component of the developer that is most responsible for archival quality: A. Glutaraldehyde C. Silver sulfide B. Hydroquinone D. Sodium carbonate | Glutaraldehyde |
| Development fog will increase when which of the following is abnormally low in the developer? A. Glutaraldehyde C. Potassium bromide B. Hydroquinone D. Silver sulfide | Potassium bromide |
| Hypo retention refers to which of the following? A. Improved archival quality C. The formation of silver sulfide B. Replenishment of a clearing agent D. Thiosulfate | The formation of silver sulphide |
| Component in the fixer that functions as a stop bath: A. Activator C. Hardener B. Clearing D. Preservative | Activator |
| Which of the following components of the developer is responsible for producing the blackest parts of a radiograph? A. Glutaraldehyde C. Phenidone B. Hydroquinone D. Potassium bromide. | Hydroquinone |
| Aerial oxidation is controlled by which of the following? A. The activator C. The fixer B. The concentrator D. The restrainer | The restrainer |
| Where will guide shoe artifacts be found on a radiograph? A. Center C. Leading edge B. Leading and trailing edges D. Side | Leading edge |
| Artifacts caused by wet pressure sensitization usually occur: A. After drying C. In the developing tank B. Before processing D. In the drying chamber | In the developing tank |
| Pi lines are so called because they have which of the following characteristics? A. They look like a slice of pie C. They occur at 3.1416-inch intervals B. They look like parallel linesD. They occur at intervals of p times the roller diameter | They occur at 3.1416-inch intervals |
| If a radiograph turns yellow during storage, it is most likely the result of which of the following? A. Developer retentionC. Presence of sodium sulphite B. Incomplete washing D. Radiation fog | Incomplete washing |
| Carbon fiber added to the cassette front is particularly useful in x-ray imaging because of its: A. Dimensional stabilityC. Flexibility B. Low atomic number D. Increased absorption | Low atomic number |
| The principal limitation of the rare earth radiographic intensifying screen. A. Increased exposure factor C. Patient dose B. Increased quantum mottle D. Reduced spatial resolution | Reduced spatial resolution |
| In the formula La2O2S: Tb, the Tb A. Improves contrast resolution B. Improves luminescence C. Improves spatial resolution D. Reduces noise | Improves luminescence |
| Which of the following principally contribute to the increased speed of rare earth screens? A. Conversion efficiency C. Longer wavelength emission B. Higher atomic number D.Phosphor thickness | Conversion efficiency |
| The practice of stacking multiple boxes of film on top of each other instead of in an vertical position is not recommended because it is likely to result in: A. Static marksC. Pi lines B. Pressure marks D. Tree artifact | Pressure marks |
| Which portions of the H&D curve represent densities that are outside the useful density range? A. Straight line and toe B. Toe and shoulder C. Straight line and shoulder | Toe and shoulder |
| The term base plus fog describes: A. Unwanted exposure of film to light B. Unwanted exposure of film from scatter radiation C. Inherent manufacturing and processing density D. Contributing environmental exposure factors, such as radon | Inherent manufacturing and processing density |
| The speed of an intensifying screen can be reduced by adding: A. More phosphor C. Larger phosphor crystals B. A reflecting layer D. Dye to the phosphor layer | Dye to the phosphor layer |
| If India ink was accidentally spilled on the screens of an open cassette, radiographs made from this cassette would show: A. Dark spots on the finished filmC. Both light and dark spots B. Light spots on the finished film D. Branching black streaks | Light spots on the finished film |
| Film artifacts, appearing as dark round dark spots, are due to: A. Dirt C. Water marks B. Chemical stain D. Exhausted fixer | Water marks |
| Uneven development of film may be caused by: A. Too strong a developer C. A weak developer B. Agitating before use D.Insufficient agitation during development | Insufficient agitation during development |
| If a film appears to have a yellowish discoloration throughout, the cause can be attributed to: A. Radiation leakage C.Luminescent and fluorescent B. Inadequate development D.Exhausted developer | Luminescent and fluorescent |
| Improper washing after fixing and drying results in: A. Grayness on the film B. Rough, whitish or crystalline surface noted after drying C. A blistering of the emulsion D. Greasy appearance of the film | Rough, whitish or crystalline surface noted after drying |
| Holding back the developing action of the unexposed silver crystals without preventing development of the exposed crystals is performed by the: A. Accelerator C. Restrainer B. PreservativeD. Stop bath | Restrainer |
| The grey, dull appearance of films which is generally caused by the use of too strong a chemical solution or aged developer is called: A. Underpenetration C. Overpenetration B. Chemical fog D. Light fogging | Chemical fog |
| A wrinkled, peeling emulsion is caused by: A. Dirt within the cassette or a gauge within the intensifying screen B. Backscatter C. Contact of films during the developing process D. A drying temperature which is too hot | A drying temperature which is too hot |
| A film comes out of the automatic processor. However, you, by using reflected light see multiple blotches on the film. What is the cause? A. Improper washing B. Improper fixing C. Variation in the rate of drying D. Incorrect replenishment | Variation in the rate of drying |
| As filtration is added to an x-ray beam: A. The effective focal-spot size increases B. The heel effect becomes more pronounced C. The kVp increases D. The radiation intensity on the CR increases | The kVp increases |
| As the grid ratio increases, there is also an increase in which of the following? A. Intensification factor C. Spatial resolution B. Contrast improvement factor D. System speed | Contrast improvement factor |
| Distortion: A. Can be corrected by proper patient positioning B. Is controlled by focal spot size C. Never accompanies magnification D. Occurs only lateral to the central axis of the x-ray beam | Can be corrected by proper patient positioning |
| A foreshortened image: A. A can be corrected by increasing kVp and reducing mAs B. Can be corrected by reducing kVp and increasing mAs C. Results from an inclined object D. Can be corrected by reducing SID | Results from an inclined object |
| When an object is to one side of the central axis of the x-ray beam: A. The magnification factor will remain unchanged B. The magnification factor will be larger C. Distortion will appear D. Subject contrast will remain unchanged | The magnification factor will remain unchanged |
| Image contrast is the product of image receptor contrast and: A. Focal-spot contrast C. Subject contrast B. Resolution D. Grid contrast | Subject contrast |
| When one images an object lateral to the central axis of the x-ray beam, the focal spot blur will be: A. Larger on the anode side C. Magnified B. Larger on the cathode side D. The same as on the central axis | Larger on the cathode side |
| The line focus principle expresses the relationship between: A. SID used and resultant density C. Exposure given the film and resultant density B. Actual and effective focal spot D. kVp used and the resulting contrast | Actual and effective focal spot |
| The term latitude describes: 1. An emulsions’s ability to record a range of densities 2. The degree of error tolerated with given exposure factors 3. Conversion efficiency of a given intensifying screen A. 1 C. 2, 3 B. 1, 2 D. 1, 2, 3 | 1. An emulsions’s ability to record a range of densities 2. The degree of error tolerated with given exposure factors |
| The effect described as differential absorption is: 1. Responsible for radiographic contrast 2. A result of attenuating characteristics of tissue 3. Minimized by the use of high kVp A. 1 onlyC. 1, 3 B. 1, 2D. 1, 2, 3 | 1. Responsible for radiographic contrast 2. A result of attenuating characteristics of tissue 3. Minimized by the use of high kVp |
| When using the AEC for a radiographic examination of the L-spine in the RPO projection, which sensing chamber or combination of chambers should be used? 1. Right side 2. Left side 3.Center | Center |
| If an optimum of the abdomen demonstrated a suspicious area requiring a well-collimated image, what change in technique should be made to maintain image quality? A. Increased mAs C. Increased grid ratio B. Decreased kVp D. Decreased SID | Increased mAs |
| Which of the following qualities of a radiographic film will be most improved by the use of a compression band, applied to areas with excessive amounts of soft tissue? A. Density C. Detail very sure B. Contrast D. Magnification | Detail |
| Which of the following combinations results in the best definition? A. Slow-speed screens C. High-speed screens and a 1.8mm focal spot B. Overall density D. Rare-earth screens and a 2.0mm focal spot | Slow-speed screens |
| Which of the following is usually lost during a change of 100mA at 1/2s to 200mA at 1/4s? A. Radiographic contrast C. True image size B. Overall density D. Sharp definition | Sharp definition |
| Size distortion will increase when: 1. OID has increased 2. SID has decreased 3. Object is in poor alignment with focus and film A. 1, 2 C. 2, 3 B. 1, 3 D. 1, 2, 3 | 1. OID is increased 2. SID is decreased |
| At a density level of 1.0 plus base fog, the H & D curve for film A lies to the left of that for film B. This means: A. Film A has more contrast C. Film A is faster B. Film B has more contrast D. Film B is faster | . Film A is faster |
| The volume of a manual processing tank measuring 13” deep, 12” long and 6” wide will be: A. 1 gallon C. 3.7 gallons B. 1.7 gallons D. 8 gallons | 3.7 gallons |
| The validity of technique charts and technique rules is directly linked to: A. Positioning skills C. Dark room storage conditions B. Calibration of equipment D. Patient care | Calibration of equipment |
| The development of techniques should be: A. By trial and error C. A systematic science of estimation B. Considered a creative art D. Ignored altogether | By trial and error |
| Which of the following pathologic conditions will probably require a decrease in exposure factors? A. Osteomyelitis C. Osteosclerosis B. Osteoporosis D. Osteochondritis | Osteoporosis |
Created by:
mariestrumpell
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