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RAD 115 Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following organs lie in the abdominal cavity? 1. Stomach 2. Gallbladder 3. Kidneys 2 and 3 1 and 3 1 and 2 1, 2, and 3 | 1, 2, and 3 |
| If the abdomen is too wide to include both flanks on one image, adjust patient and IR height to include side _____ when intraperitoneal fluid is suspected and to include side _____ when pneumoperitoneum is suspected. down; up up; down up; sagittal | down; up |
| The most commonly performed abdominal examination is referred to as a(n): EXU IVC IVP KUB | KUB |
| An Acute Abdominal Series may be requested to rule out which of the following? 1. Free Air. 2. Bowel Obstruction. 3. Infection 1, 2, and 3 2 and 3 1 and 3 1 and 2 | 1, 2, and 3 |
| The outer portion of the sac that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is termed the: parietal pleura visceral pleura visceral peritoneum parietal peritoneum | parietal peritoneum |
| Which of the following is placed perpendicular to the long axis of the grid for a lateral projection of the abdomen? Horizontal plane Transverse plane Midsagittal Plane (MSP) Midcoronal Plane (MCP) | Midcoronal Plane (MCP) |
| The space between the two layers of peritoneum is called the: Abdominopelvic cavity. Pleural cavity. Peritoneal cavity. Diaphragm. | Peritoneal cavity. |
| The peritoneum forms folds called the what? Rugae and Parenchyma Mesentery and Omenta visceral peritoneum; Serous fluid Spleen and pancreas | Mesentery and Omenta |
| The central-ray angulation for an AP (KUB) abdominal image is: 5 degrees caudad 7 degrees cephalad 5 degrees cephalad 0 degrees | 0 degrees |
| What is the respiration phase for an AP abdominal image obtained with the patient in the left lateral decubitus position? Inspiration Expiration Suspended Variable,depending on patient status | Expiration |
| Which of the following organs lie in the pelvic cavity? 1. Kidneys 2. Rectum 3. Urinary bladder 2 and 3 1 and 3 1, 2, and 3 1 and 2 | 2 and 3 |
| The pathologic accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is termed: Ileus. Ascites. Aortic aneurysm. Obstruction. | Ascites |
| Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal image performed with the patient in the upright position? L3 2 inches above the iliac crests. Lower rib margin Iliac Crests | 2 inches above the iliac crests. |
| The Abdominal cavity extends from the ___________ to the __________ aspect of the bony pelvis. Liver; superior Diaphragm; superior Stomach; medial Base of the lungs; inferior | Diaphragm; superior |
| If a patient is too ill and unable to stand for an upright AP abdominal image, which position should be used? Lateral Recumbent Position Right Lateral Decubitus Dorsal decubitus Ventral decubitus | Lateral Recumbent Position |
| Which of the following is used to evaluate rotation on a KUB image? 1. Spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae should be in the center of the vertebral body. 2. Alae of the ilia are symmetric. 3. Ischial spines, if visible, are symmetric. | 1, 2, and 3 |
| What is the cavity posterior to the peritoneum? Retroperitoneum Peritoneal cavity Retrogastrium Parietal Peritoneum | Retroperitoneum |
| A properly exposed abdominal image will exhibit the: 1. psoas muscles. 2. lower border of the liver. 3. transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. 2 and 3 1 and 2 1 and 3 1, 2, and 3 | 1, 2, and 3 |
| One of the primary reasons a left lateral decubitus abdominal image is performed is to demonstrate: Foreign bodies Intestinal gas Air-fluid levels The location of tumor masses | Air-fluid levels |
| If the kilovolt peak (kVp) is too ______, the possibility of not showing small or semiopaque gallstones _________ particularly on film-screen radiographs. High; decreases High; increases Low; increases Low; decreases | High; increases |
| To show small amounts of intraperitoneal gas in acute abdominal cases, it is recommended that the patient be kept in the left lateral position on a stretcher for _____ before abdominal images are obtained. | 10 to 20 minutes |
| Which of the following is placed perpendicular to the long axis of the grid for a lateral projection of the abdomen? Midsagittal Plane (MSP) Midcoronal Place (MCP) Transverse plane Horizontal Plane | Midcoronal Place (MCP) |
| If the kidneys are NOT of primary interest, what projection should be considered? AP Projection Lateral Projection KUB PA Projection | PA Projection |
| What does KUB stand for? Kidneys, Urethra, and Bones Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder Kidneys, Ureters, and Bleeding Kidneys, Uterus, and Brain | Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder |
| Which position of the hand will place the Humerus in internal rotation? Pronation Palm against the thigh Back of the hand against the thigh Supination | Back of the hand against the thigh |
| The respiration phase for an AP projection of the shoulder should be: expiration. suspended. shallow breathing. inspiration. | suspended. |
| The bones that connect the upper limb to the trunk are collectively termed the: upper extremity girdle. shoulder girdle. shoulder joint proper. upper limb fixators. | shoulder girdle. |
| What anatomic structure is shown in profile on an AP projection of the Humerus? Glenoid cavity Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Capitulum | Greater tubercle |
| What anatomy is superimposed over the junction of the Y on the PA oblique (scapular Y) projection on a patient with a normal shoulder joint? Acromion process Humeral head Coracoid process Humerus | Humeral head |
| Which projection clearly demonstrates the glenoid cavity? AP PA oblique (scapular Y) Transthoracic lateral (Lawrence) AP oblique (Grashey) | AP oblique (Grashey) |
| To elevate the clavicle above the ribs and scapula for the AP axial projection, the phase of respiration should be: suspended respiration. suspended at the end of full inspiration. suspended at the end of exhalation. slow breathing. | suspended at the end of full inspiration. |
| The clavicle is classified as a(n) _____ bone. flat irregular long short | long |
| When the arm cannot be rotated or abducted due to injury, which of these can be used to perform a lateral projection of the shoulder? Transthoracic lateral projection, Lawrence method PA axial projection, Holmblad method AP projection, Pearson method | Transthoracic lateral projection, Lawrence method |
| For the PA oblique projection (scapular Y) of the shoulder, the body is rotated so that the midcoronal plane is how many degrees from the IR? 25 to 60 45 45 to 60 25 | 45 to 60 |
| The AP projection of the AC joints places the joints at an increased OID. Which of the following is the recommended SID to compensate for this distance? 40" 48" 120" 72" | 72" |
| The proximal end of the Humerus consist of which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Anatomical neck Coracoid Process Lesser tubercle Head Acromion | Anatomical neck Lesser tubercle Head |
| The greater tubercle will be partially superimposed over the humeral head on which of the following projections and positions? AP, external rotation PA oblique, scapular Y AP, neutral rotation AP, internal rotation | AP, neutral rotation |
| How far above the humeral head should the upper margin of the IR be placed for a lateral projection of the Humerus? 1" 1 1/2 inches 1/2" 2" | 1 1/2 inches |
| The PA oblique projection of the shoulder joint (scapular Y) is performed in which of the following positions? RAO or LAO AP RPO or LPO Lateral | RAO or LAO |
| The respiration phase for an AP projection of the scapula is: suspended at the end of full inspiration. suspended respiration. suspended at the end of exhalation. slow breathing. | slow breathing. |
| To demonstrate the greater tubercle of the Humerus on an AP projection of the shoulder, the epicondyles must be: at a 45-degree angle with the plane of the IR. perpendicular with the plane of the IR. parallel with the plane of the IR. | parallel with the plane of the IR. |
| The acromial extremity of the clavicle articulates with the: sternal extremity of the clavicle. acromion of the scapula. glenoid cavity. coracoid process. | acromion of the scapula. |
| Where is the central ray directed for an AP projection of the Humerus? Midpoint of the Humerus Shoulder joint Elbow joint Body of the Humerus | Midpoint of the Humerus |
| Which palpable structure is located distal and slightly medial to the acromioclavicular joint? Acromion process Coracoid process Glenoid Cavity Crest | Coracoid process |
| For an AP projection of the scapula, the central ray should enter: 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process. 2 inches superior to the coracoid process. 1 inch superior to the coracoid process. 2 inches inferior to the coracoid process. | 2 inches inferior to the coracoid process. |
| Displacement of a bone from the joint space is known as: dislocation. fracture. bursitis. tendinitis. | dislocation. |
| For the lateral projection of the scapula, the body is placed in which position? Prone True lateral 45- to 60-degree anterior oblique 15- to 25-degree posterior oblique | 45- to 60-degree anterior oblique |
| If the patient can be positioned properly, the central-ray angle for the transthoracic lateral projection (Lawrence) of the shoulder is: 5° 15° 0° 10° | 0 |
| The central-ray angle for an AP axial projection of the clavicle when performed on a patient in the supine position is _____ degrees. 5 to 10 10 to 25 15 to 25 15 to 30 | 15 to 30 |
| Two exposures are commonly made of the AC joints—one without weights and one with weights. How are the weights applied? Affixed to the elbows Held by the fingers Held in the hands Affixed to the wrists | Affixed to the wrists |
| Which of the following is prominently shown in profile on an AP projection of the shoulder with the Humerus in external rotation? Lesser tubercle Scapulohumeral joint Acromioclavicular Greater tubercle | Greater tubercle |
| For an AP projection of the shoulder, the central ray should enter: 2 inches inferior to the coracoid process. 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process. 1 inch superior to the coracoid process. 2 inches superior to the coracoid process. | 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process. |
| The scapula is classified as a(n) _____ bone. flat sesamoid irregular long | flat |
| Which two bones connect the upper limb to the trunk? (Select all that apply.) Scapula Clavicle Sternum Humerus | Scapula Clavicle |
| For the AP projection of the Humerus, the hand is positioned: pronated. in 30° medial rotation. lateral. supinated. | supinated. |
| All of the following are performed at a 40-inch SID, except: transthoracic (Lawrence). PA Oblique (Scapular Y). lateral scapula. AP (Pearson) of the AC joints | AP (Pearson) of the AC joints |
| How many degrees is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection (Grashey method) of the shoulder joint? 20 degrees toward the affected side 35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side 20 degrees away from the affected side | 35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side |
| The lateral projection of the hand in extension demonstrates (Select all that apply.) metacarpal fracture displacement. phalanges in profile. foreign bodies. phalangeal fractures. | metacarpal fracture displacement. foreign bodies. |
| The primary structures shown when demonstrating the elbow using the Coyle method is the 1. coracoid process. 2. coronoid process. 3. radial head. | 2 and 3 |
| How many degrees should the elbow be angled for an AP oblique projection in medial & lateral rotation? 55° 35° 45° 90° | 45° |
| The central ray for a PA projection of the wrist is directed to enter the: scaphoid. third CMC joint. midcarpal area. radiocarpal joint. | midcarpal area. |
| The capitulum of the Humerus articulates with the: trochlear notch. radial notch. ulnar styloid process. radial head. | radial head. |
| The IR must be elevated how many degrees for the PA axial projection of the wrist (Stecher method)? 5° 20° 15° 10° | 20° |
| Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the carpal canal? Lawrence (inferosuperior axial) Gaynor-Hart (tangential) Norgaard (AP oblique) Stecher (PA axial) | Gaynor-Hart (tangential) |
| What anatomic structure is shown in profile on a lateral projection of the Humerus? Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Glenoid cavity Capitulum | Lesser tubercle |
| How many degrees is the hand rotated for a PA oblique projection of the digit? 25 90 45 35 | 45 |
| For the AP projection of the humerus, the hand is positioned: pronated. supinated. lateral. in 30° medial rotation. | supinated. |
| To demonstrate the radial head in the axiolateral projection of the elbow (Coyle method), the elbow is flexed _____ degrees. 90° 45° 80° 75° | 90° |
| Which two of the following should be demonstrated on the AP projection of the Humerus? (Select all that apply.) Phalanges, Wrist joint space Shoulder joint Elbow joint | Shoulder joint Elbow joint |
| Soft tissue radiographs of the elbow in the lateral position are often ordered to demonstrate: veins. fat pads. nerves. fractures. | fat pads. |
| For a lateral projection of the hand, the central ray is directed to enter the: PIP joint. distal PIP joint. midmetacarpal area. second digit MCP joint. | second digit MCP joint. |
| Which of the following bones make up the wrist? Eight carpals Eight metacarpals Five metacarpals Five carpals | Eight carpals |
| For the AP projection of the elbow, the humeral epicondyles are positioned: not clearly seen. superimposed over each other. parallel to the IR perpendicular to the IR | parallel to the IR |
| For a PA projection of the second digit, the central ray is directed to the: distal interphalangeal joint (DIP). carpometacarpal joint (CMC). proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint. metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP). | proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint. |
| Which two bones comprise the forearm? (Select all that apply.) Humerus Radius Fibula Ulna | Radius Ulna |
| The first bone located on the proximal row and lateral side of the wrist is called the: trapezoid trapezoid. lunate. scaphoid. | scaphoid. |
| For a PA projection of the hand, the central ray is directed to enter the: head of the third metacarpal. head of the second metacarpal. second MCP joint. third MCP joint. | third MCP joint. |
| To demonstrate the coronoid process in the axiolateral projection of the elbow (Coyle method), the elbow is flexed _____ degrees. 80° 45° 90° 75° | 80° |
| Which of the following joints should be clearly demonstrated on the AP projection of the forearm? 1. Wrist 2. Elbow 3. Proximal humerus | 1 and 2 |
| For the AP projection of the forearm, the hand is: pronated. placed in a lateral position. placed in a 45° position supinated. | supinated. |
| What is the bone in the upper arm? Capitulum Ulna Radius Humerus | Humerus |
| How many degrees is the elbow flexed for a lateral projection of the wrist? 0 25 45 90 | 90 |
| What anatomy is labeled as letter A in the image below? Coronoid process of the Ulna Trochlea Medial epicondyle of the Humerus. Lateral epicondyle of the Humerus | Medial epicondyle of the Humerus. |
| The central-ray angulation for the PA projection of the hand is _____ degrees. 0 5 10 7 | 0 |
| For a PA oblique projection of the first digit (thumb), the hand is positioned in: medial rotation. supination. pronation. lateral rotation. | pronation. |
| Which of the following central-ray angles is used for the lateral projection of the wrist? 0° 7° 5° 10° | 0° |
| For the lateral projection of the forearm, the elbow should be flexed: 90° 45° 80° 120° | 90° |
| What structure is shown in profile on a lateral projection of the elbow? Olecranon process Radial neck Radial head Humeral epicondyles | Olecranon process |
| What anatomic structure is shown in profile on an AP projection of the Humerus? Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Capitulum Glenoid Cavity | Greater tubercle |
| How many degrees is the central ray angled for both of the axiolateral projections (Coyle method) of the elbow? 30° 40° 35° 45° | 45° |
| All of the following are long bones except: metacarpals. phalanges. carpals. ulna | carpals. |
| The hand consists of how many bones? 14 8 27 32 | 27 |
| The palm of the hand is formed by: eight Carpals five carpals five metacarpals. eight metacarpals | five metacarpals. |
| How many phalanges are there in the hand? 14 32 27 30 | 14 |
| The PA projection of the wrist in ulnar deviation clearly demonstrates the: trapezoid. hamate. scaphoid. trapezium. | scaphoid. |
| Flexing the fingers for a PA projection of the wrist causes which of the following? Greater resolution of the carpal interspaces Placement of the carpal bones closer to the IR Placement of the carpal bones farther from the IR | Placement of the carpal bones closer to the IR |
| What projection of the elbow demonstrates the radial head and neck free of superimposition? AP oblique projection, lateral rotation AP projection, partial flexion AP oblique projection, medial rotation AP projection, acute flexion | AP oblique projection, lateral rotation |
| How many phalanges are there in the thumb? 2 5 4 3 | 2 |
| How is the upper extremity positioned for an AP scapula? Abducted 90 degrees, with elbow flexed Adducted, lateral rotation Abducted 45 degrees, with elbow flexed Adducted, medial rotation | Abducted 90 degrees, with elbow flexed |
| How many degrees of angulation are required to open the IP joint spaces of the toes on an AP projection? 15 10 0 20 | 15 |
| Which of the following is not clearly demonstrated on an AP projection of the ankle? Tibiofibular overlapping Tibiotalar Ankle mortise Lateral Malleoli | Ankle mortise |
| The inferior aspect of the foot is termed the _____ surface. dorsal posterior plantar caudal | plantar |
| The central ray is directed to which of the following for an AP or AP axial projection of the foot? Base of the fourth metatarsal Base of the third metatarsal Head of the second metatarsal Head of the third metatarsal | Base of the third metatarsal |
| The superior surface of the foot is termed the _____ surface. anterior superior dorsal plantar | dorsal |
| The name of the small round bones located on the plantar surface of the foot, typically beneath the first MTP joint, is the: epicondyles. sesamoids. cuneiforms. tarsals. | sesamoids. |
| The incomplete separation or avulsion of the tibial tuberosity is known as: Rickets. Paget disease. Potts Osgood-Schlatter disease. | Osgood-Schlatter disease. |
| How many phalanges are in each foot? 14 27 29 26 | 14 |
| For an AP oblique projection of the foot in either medial or lateral rotation, the plantar surface of the foot should form an angle of" 60° 45° 30° 15° | 30° |
| Which projections of the foot will best demonstrate the structural status of the longitudinal arch? AP axial Lateral (lateromedial) AP oblique medial rotation Lateral (lateromedial) weight-bearing | Lateral (lateromedial) weight-bearing |
| Which tarsal bone lies directly anterior to the talus? Lateral Cuneiform Navicular Cuboid Medial Cuneiform | Navicular |
| For a lateral projection of the foot, the central ray is directed to the: head of the third metatarsal. navicular. tibiotalar joint. base of the third metatarsal | base of the third metatarsal |
| Which of the following will clearly demonstrate the cuboid? AP oblique in lateral rotation Lateral AP AP oblique in medial rotation | AP oblique in medial rotation |
| The central-ray angulation for an AP oblique projection of the toes is: 10° posteriorly 0° 5° posteriorly 15° posteriorly | 0° |
| The second largest bone in the body is the: Tibia. Skull. Pelvis. Femur. | Tibia. |
| The second largest tarsal bone, and the one that occupies the highest position in the foot, is the: calcaneus. cuboid. talus. scaphoid. | talus. |
| The central-ray angulation for a lateral projection of the calcaneus is: 5° to 10° cephalic 5° cephalic 0° 10° cephalic | 0° |
| How many tarsal bones are in the foot? 6 7 4 5 | 7 |
| Where is the central ray directed for a lateral projection of the calcaneus? 1 inch distal to the medial malleolus 2 inches distal to the medial malleolus 2 inches posterior to the medial malleolus 1 inch posterior to the medial malleolus | 1 inch distal to the medial malleolus |
| The most commonly performed oblique projection of the foot is the _____ oblique in _____. PA; Grashey method AP; medial rotation PA; medial rotation AP; lateral rotation | AP; medial rotation |
| The two flat, superior surfaces of the tibia are called the: tibial plateaus. malleoli. condyles. posteriorly | tibial plateaus. |
| For a lateral projection of the ankle, the central ray must enter the: Navicular. medial malleolus. lateral malleolus. tibiofibular joint. | medial malleolus. |
| Which two are the essential oblique projections of the ankle? (Select all that apply.) AP oblique, 15-to 20-degree lateral rotation AP oblique, 45-degree medial rotation AP oblique, 15-to 20-degree medial rotation | AP oblique, 15-to 20-degree medial rotation AP oblique, 45-degree medial rotation |
| Which two of the following should be clearly demonstrated on a lateral projection of the leg? (Select all that apply.) Complete separation of the tibia and fibula Distal fibula superimposed by the posterior half of the tibia Knee and ankle joints | Distal fibula superimposed by the posterior half of the tibia Knee and ankle joints |
| For an AP projection of the ankle, the central ray must enter the: subtalar joint. talofibular joint. ankle joint, midway between the malleoli. talus. | ankle joint, midway between the malleoli. |
| The tibial plateaus slope _____ 10 to 20 degrees. laterally posteriorly anteriorly medially | posteriorly |
| The talus articulates with which of the following bones? (Select all that apply.) Cuboid Calcaneus Lateral cuneiform Navicular | Calcaneus Navicular |
| On which aspect of the foot does the cuboid lie? Lateral Medial Inferior Superior | Lateral |
| To demonstrate the ankle mortise, the leg and foot should be rotated medially how many degrees? 10° to 15° 35° to 45° 15° to 20° 25° to 30° | 15° to 20° |
| What is the central-ray angulation for the axial (plantodorsal) projection of the calcaneus? 40° 35° 25° 30° | 40° |
| Which ankle projection will clearly demonstrate the ankle mortise in profile? AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree internal rotation AP AP oblique, 45-degree internal rotation AP oblique, 45-degree external rotation | AP oblique, 15- to 20-degree internal rotation |
| The largest and strongest tarsal bone is the: medial cuneiform Calcaneus Navicular Talus | Calcaneus |
| How many phalanges are in the great toe? 1 0 3 2 | 2 |
| To better demonstrate the TMT joint spaces of the foot, a posterior angulation of how many degrees is required? 10° 0° 20° 15° | 10° |
| How many bones are in the foot? 206 14 26 27 | 26 |
| Which projection of the foot will show the cuboid in profile? AP Lateral AP oblique, lateral rotation AP oblique, medial rotation | AP oblique, medial rotation |
| The head of the fibula is located at the _____ end (side). lateral. medial. proximal. distal. | proximal |
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drocco25
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