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The _______ is the source of radiation in the xray tube.
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Because of the line focus principle, the effective focal spot size decreases with decreasing ________.
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RTE2010 Mock
Review Mock 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The _______ is the source of radiation in the xray tube. | Focal spot |
| Because of the line focus principle, the effective focal spot size decreases with decreasing ________. | Target angle |
| High capacity tube rotors revolve at _________. | 10,000 RPM |
| The xray intensity is lower on the anode side of the tube because of the _________. | Heel effect |
| The cathode side of the tube should be towards the ________ part of the patient. | Thicker |
| What is the formula for heat units for a three-phase, six pulse xray machine? | 1.35 x kVp x mA x seconds |
| Tube failure can occur from | Long exposure times |
| The filament in an xray tube is about ______ in length. | 1-2 cm |
| The dual focus tube has two ________. | Filaments |
| Each tube has its own tube rating chart to show | Maximum exposure times |
| The _______ is/are outside the glass envelope. | Stators |
| Extrafocal or off-focus radiation is produced from | Rebounding electrons |
| The heel effect is caused by the __________. | Anode angle |
| The effective focal spot size is ______ the actual focal spot size. | Smaller than |
| Localized pitting or cracking on the anode can occur from ______. | A single excessive exposure |
| Projectile electrons travel from _______. | Cathode to anode |
| During an exposure most of the _______ energy of the projectile electrons is converted to __________. | Kinetic, Heat |
| At the target, the projectile electron interact with __________. | Outer shell electrons and Inner shell electrons (Both A & B) |
| The efficiency of the xray productions is __________ the tube current. | Strongly affected by |
| Most of the heat generated at the target is due to | Outer shell excitation |
| The production of heat at the anode is directly proportional to __________. | Tube current |
| The efficiency of x-ray production increases as _______ increases. | kVp |
| Approximately _________ of the kinetic energy of the projectile electrons is converted to xrays at the target. | 1% |
| Electron interactions at the inner shell of the target atoms produce __________ radiation. | Characteristic |
| The useful characteristic xrays from tungsten targets are ______ xrays. | K shell |
| Characteristic k-shell xrays have an effective energy of ______ keV. | 69 |
| Most xrays produced at the target are _______. | Bremsstrahlung |
| At 55 kVp ________ of the xrays produced are bremsstrahlung. | 100% |
| Bremmsstrahlung xrays are produced by ______ at the target. | Slowing electrons |
| Characteristics xrays are produced by | released binding energy |
| The quantity of bremmstrahlung radiation increases proportionally with increased _______. | mAs |
| An exposure taken at 100 kVp would have a continuous emission spectrum with a maximum energy of _________. | 100 |
| The ______ of an xray beam is higher when the peak of the emission spectrum is further to the _______. | Quality, Right |
| An increase in mAs would _______ the ______ of the emission spectrum. | Increase, Amplitude only |
| An increase in kVp would ________ the _______ of the emission spectrum. | Increase, Amplitude and position |
| Changes in ______ result in directly proportional changes int he amplitude of the emission spectrum. | mA and time (Both A & B) |
| The discrete portion of the xrays emission spectrum would change position with a change in ________. | Target material |
| The amplitude of the emission spectrum is __________ with a ________ generator than/as with a three phase. | Lower, single phase |
| A 15% increase in kVp is equivalent to | doubling the mAs |
| How does the added filtration affect the emission spectrum? | Reduced amplitude and a shift to the right |
| Roentgen (or grays) is the measurement for xray _______. | Quantity, Exposure, Intensity (All of the above) |
| The number of useful xrays in the beam defines xray. | Quantity |
| Standard xray machine produces about _______ mR/mAs at 70 kvp measured at 100 cm SID. | 5 |
| Xray quantity increases in direct proportion to increase in ______. | mAs |
| If the distance from the source to the image SID is reduced by half, how is the xray intensity at the ????? | It is increased by 4 times |
| If the filter thickness is ______, then the xray intensity is _______. | Increased, Reduced and Reduced, increased. (Both B & C) |
| A 10% increase in kVp has ________ effect on xray intensity than/as a 10% increase in mAs. | Much greater |
| if a x-ray quantity is double, the optical density on the finished radiograph will be ______. | Increased by the factor of two. |
| If a tech changes the technique from 70 kVp @ 200 mAs to 70 kVp @ 400 mAs, then _______. | Double, Double |
| The inverse square law has the same effect on optical density and xray _______. | Intensity, exposure, quantity (All of the above) |
| An increase of 15% in the kVp is equivalent to increasing mAs _________. | 100% |
| If the intensity of a 70 kVp exposure at 20 mAs is 100 mR, what would it be at 5 mAs? | 25 mR |
| If an exposure is 50 mR at an SID of 40inches, what would the exposure be at with an SID of 60 inches? | 22.2 mR |
| Xray intensity is proportional to _______ | kVp2 |
| The penetrability of an xray beam is called xray _______. | Quality |
| An xray beam that could pass through dense tissue would have high _________. | Penetrability and Quality (Both A & B) |
| A low quality beam would also have low _______. | Penetrability |
| Beam quality is affected by ______. | kVp and filtration |
| The half value layer of an xray beam is measurement of beam ________. | Quality |
| Image contrast is affected by ________. | Beam quality and kVp (Both A & B) |
| The HVL is lowered by a decrease in ________. | kVp & mAs |
| The xray beam quality is improved by _______. | Increasing filtration |
| The main purpose of the added filtration is to reduce _________. | Patient dose |
| Added filtration will ______ beam quality and _______ beam quantity. | Increase, Decrease |
| A compensating filter is used to create ______ optical density with a body part of ________ thickness. | Uniform, non-uniform |
| The two primary forms of xray interaction in diagnostic range are: | Compton scatter and photoelectric absorption |
| An incident xray interacts with an atom without ionization during __________. | Coherent scattering |
| An outer shell electron is ejected and the atom is ionized with _________. | Compton scatter |
| Which xray interaction involves the ejection of the k-shell electron? | Photoelectric absorption |
| The scattered xray from a compton interaction usually retains _______ of the energy of the incident photon. | Most |
| Compton scatter is directed at a _______ angle from the incident beam. | Any |
| As kVp ______ the probability of photoelectric absorption ______. | Increases, Decreases |
| There is a complete absorption of the incident xray photon with | Photoelectric effect |
| _________ occurs only at a very high energies used in radiation therapy and in nuclear medicine PET imaging. | Pair production |
| Only at energies above 10 meV can _____ take place. | Photodisintegration |
| When the mass density of the absorber is _______, it results in __________ compton scatter. | Increased, Increased |
| The k-shell binding energy increases with increasing __________. | Atomic number |
| Which has the greatest mass density? | Bone |
| Image fog in diagnostic imaging caused by: | Compton Scatter |
| Because of differential absorption, about _______ of the incident beam from the x-ray tube contributes to the finished ????? | 0.5% |
| Differential absorption is dependent on the ________. | kVp of the exposure, atomic number of the absorber, mass density of the absorber (All of the above) |
| Attenuation is caused by _________. | Absorption and Scattering (Both A & B) |
| Barium is a good contrast agent because of its | High atomic number |
| The use of contrast agents increases the amount of | Differential absorption, compton scatter, photoelectric absorption (All of the above) |
| The negative contrast agent is ______. | Air |
| Xray transmitted without interaction contribute to | The radiographic image |
| Compton interactions, photoelectric absoprtion and transmitted xrays all contribute to _________ | Differential absorption |
| High kvp techniques reduce | patient dose |
| At energies below 40 kVp, the predominant xray interaction in soft tissue and bone is _________. | Photoelectric absorption |
| if 5 % of an incident beam is transmitted through a body part, then 95% of that beam was | attenuated |
| The smallest quality of any type of electromagnetic radiation is a _________. | Photon |
| What is the velocity of all electromagnetic radiation? | 3 x 10 to the power of 8 m/s |
| The rate of the rise and fall of a sine wave is called its ________. | Frequency |
| A hertz (Hz) is equal to ________. | 1 cycle per second |
| What is the electromagnetic wave equation? | C=F (upside down v symbol) |
| The ________ of electromagnetic radiation is constant. | velocity |
| If the wavelength of a beam of electromagnetic radiation increases by a factor of 2, then the frequency must __________. | Decrease by half |
| The intensity of radiation __________ in _________ proportional to the square of the distance of the object from ??????? | Decreases and inverse |
| The reduction of radiation intensity is due to scattering and absorption is called ________. | Attentuation |
| The velocity of light is written as : | c = 3 x 108 m/s |
| The maximum number of electrons that can exist in an electron shell is calculated with the formula __________. | 2n2 |
| The shell number of an atom is called the ______. | Chemical element |
| The unit of measure of radiation in air is the ________. | Roentgen |
| The _______ is the unit to describe the dose of ionizing radiation received by a patient . | Rad |
| The unit used to measure occupational dose? | Rem |
| The gray is equivalent to _______. | .01 rads |
| A measure of 10-3 rad is a: | Millirad |
| Radioactive material is measured in: | Curies |
| A seivert is equal to a rem multiplied by _______. | 0.01 |
| The intensity of radiation on an object is reduced with distance because the radiation : | Is spread out over a greater area. |
| The diagnostic range of xray energy is: | 30 to 150 kVp |
| The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its: | Frequency |
| The mass equivalent of a 100 keV photon of radiation can be calculated using the: | Relativity formula |
| Xrays are usually identified by their: | Energy |
| The lowest energy range of the electromagnetic spectrum is | Radio waves |
| Gamma rays are produced in the ______ of the atom | Nucleus |
| Photons tend to interact with matter ________ its wavelength. | Equal in size to |
| Photons with the highest frequency have the: | Shortest wavelength |
| The smallest unit of the electrical charge is: | Electron |
| Electrification occurs through the movement of: | Only electrons |
| like charges ______ and unlike charges _________ | Repel and Attract |
| Electrostatic force is _______ proportional to the distance between charges and ___________ proportional to the product of the charge. | Inversely, Directly |
| The charges on an electrified object are distributed: | Evenly throughout the object |
| On the surface of an electrified object the charges concentrate: | On the sharpest curvatures. |
| A _______ is a source of direct current. | Battery |
| What is the unit of electric potential? | Volt |
| An electric potential applied to a conductor produces a | Electric current and Magnetic Field (Both A & B) |
| An alternating AC current is represented by a ______ line. | Sinusoidal |
| A _______ uses direct current., | Flashlight |
| Alternating current is produced by a ________. | Generator |
| What is ohm's law? | I = V/R |
| A charged particle in motion creates a(n): | Magnetic field |
| Electrical power is measured in _______. | Watts |
| Rubber and glass are: | Insulators |
| The rotation of electrons on their axis is the property called: | Electron spin |
| When a group of a dipoles are aligned they create a : | Magnetic Domain |
| In the united states alternating current goes through a complete cycle every ______ second. | 1/60 |
| What is the SI unit of magnetic field strength? | Tesla |
| The force between magnetic poles is proportional to the _______ of the magnetic pole strengths divided by the _______ of the distance. | Product and Square |
| What type of material can be made magnetic when placed in an external magnetic field? | Ferromagnetic |
| Like magnetic poles ______ and unlike magnetic poles ________ | Repel and Attract |
| Wood, Glass and plastic are _______ materials | Paramagnetic |
| The magnetic intensity of an electromagnet is greatly increased by the addition of a(n) _______ core. | Iron |
| The first batteries were made of stacks of _______ and _______ places sandwiches together. | Zinc and Copper |
| Oersted discovered that an electric current flowing through a wire would affect a ________ nearby. | Compass |
| Faradays experiments proved that a current could be induced by a magnetic field only if the field is: | Changing |
| A magnet created by a coil of wire is called a: | Solenoid |
| The magnitude of an induced current depends on the: | Angle of the conductor to the magnetic field, number of lumens in the conductor, velocity of the magnetic field as it moves past the conductor. (All of the above) |
| Lenz Law states that an induced current flows in a direction that ______ the action that produces it. | Opposes |
| An electrical component that works through self-induction is the __________ | Transformer |
| An electric current can be induced in a coil of wire if it is placed near an: | Electromagnet |
| A coil of wire placed between the two poles of a magnet with a strong magnetic field would be an: | Electric generator |
| A cummutator ring is used to charge ______ current to _______ current in an electric generator. | Alternating and Direct |
| The most efficient type of transformer is the | Shell-type transformer |
| A device that converts any form of energy into electrical energy is a source of | Electromotive force |
| The number of windings on the primary side of the step up transformer are always _______ the number of the windings on the secondary ?????? | Less than |
| Mechanical motion produces electric current in the _______. | Electric generator |
| The two basic types of induction are _______ induction and ________ induction. | Self and Mutual |
| A transformer converts: | Electrical potential to higher or lower intensity |
| A transformer has 100 cols on the primary side and 300 coils on the secondary side. What will the voltage be on the secondary side? | 360 V |
| The current to a transformer must be supplied by an | AC source |
| What is the mechanical source of energy for electrical generators that supply electricity to out cities? | Waterfalls, Steam from atomic power, windmills (All of the above) |
| The three main parts of the xray imaging system are the xray tube, ______ and ______. | Operating console and high voltage generator |
| The operating console contains circuits that are: | Low voltage only |
| Variations in power distribution to the xray machine are corrected by the: | Line voltage compensator |
| The first component to receive power in the xray circuit is the: | Autotransformer |
| The autotransformer has ______ windings. | One |
| The ________ circuit provides electrons for the xray tube current. | Filament |
| Thermionic emission at the filament determines the _________ across the xray tube during an exposure. | Milliamperage |
| A step down transformer is located in the _____ circuit. | Filament |
| The most accurate type of time is the _______ timer. | Electronic |
| The automatic exposure control terminates the exposure when: | sufficient radiation reaches the IR |
| The mAs timer is usually set to give the _______ mA at the ______ time. | Highest, and shortest |
| the step up transformer increases voltage _______ timers. | 500-1000. |
| A diode allows electrons to flow: | from the cathode to the anode |
| The high voltage generator contains the high voltage transformer, the ________ and the __________. | Filament transformer and rectifiers. |
| The difference in the wave/form between the primary and secondary sides of the high voltage transformer is the ________. | Amplitude |
| In modern imaging systems, the components for rectification are: | Solid state semiconductors |
| With half-wave rectification the current flows through the xray tube during the ______ part of the cycle. | Positive |
| Anode angle and Effective focal spot are: | Directly proportional (If one increases, the other increases) |
| Full wave rectified, three phase pulse units provide an xray beam at _____ per second. | 360 pulses |
| Voltage across the xray tube is most constant with: | High frequency generators |
| Most mammo units operate with _______ generators. | High frequency |
| A single phase waveform has _______ ripple. | 100% |
| Pre reading voltmeter is also known as _______ meter. | kVp Meter |
| The xray beam generated by the circuit with the ______ voltage ripple has the _______ quantity and quality. | Lowest and Highest |
| The principal disadvantage of the three phase equipment is: | Operation |
| What is the industry standard formula for calculating high voltage generation power? | Power = max mA (@100 kVp and 100 ms) x 100 kVp |
| The xray generator with the lowest power rating is the _______ imaging system. | Single phase |
| The most widely used support structure for the xray tube is the: | Ceiling support system |
| The external structure of the xray tube includes the support structure, the protective housing and the ________ | Glass envelope |
| As an xray tube ages, the inside can become coated with tungsten, which can cause _____ in the tube. | Arcing |
| The negative side of the xray tube holds the | Filament |
| What is the most common cause of tube failure? | Tungsten vaporization |
| The filament is made of | Tungsten |
| Thermionic emission at the filament creates a _________. | Space charge |
| When electrons bombard the target, _______ of their kinetic energy is converted to heat. | 99% |
| The target of the rotating anode is usually coated with a ____ alloy. | Tungsten |
| The rotating anode is turned by the: | Magnetic field |
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