Review Mock 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| The _______ is the source of radiation in the xray tube. | Focal spot
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| Because of the line focus principle, the effective focal spot size decreases with decreasing ________. | Target angle
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| High capacity tube rotors revolve at _________. | 10,000 RPM
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| The xray intensity is lower on the anode side of the tube because of the _________. | Heel effect
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| The cathode side of the tube should be towards the ________ part of the patient. | Thicker
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| What is the formula for heat units for a three-phase, six pulse xray machine? | 1.35 x kVp x mA x seconds
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| Tube failure can occur from | Long exposure times
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| The filament in an xray tube is about ______ in length. | 1-2 cm
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| The dual focus tube has two ________. | Filaments
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| Each tube has its own tube rating chart to show | Maximum exposure times
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| The _______ is/are outside the glass envelope. | Stators
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| Extrafocal or off-focus radiation is produced from | Rebounding electrons
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| The heel effect is caused by the __________. | Anode angle
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| The effective focal spot size is ______ the actual focal spot size. | Smaller than
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| Localized pitting or cracking on the anode can occur from ______. | A single excessive exposure
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| Projectile electrons travel from _______. | Cathode to anode
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| During an exposure most of the _______ energy of the projectile electrons is converted to __________. | Kinetic, Heat
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| At the target, the projectile electron interact with __________. | Outer shell electrons and Inner shell electrons
(Both A & B)
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| The efficiency of the xray productions is __________ the tube current. | Strongly affected by
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| Most of the heat generated at the target is due to | Outer shell excitation
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| The production of heat at the anode is directly proportional to __________. | Tube current
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| The efficiency of x-ray production increases as _______ increases. | kVp
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| Approximately _________ of the kinetic energy of the projectile electrons is converted to xrays at the target. | 1%
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| Electron interactions at the inner shell of the target atoms produce __________ radiation. | Characteristic
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| The useful characteristic xrays from tungsten targets are ______ xrays. | K shell
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| Characteristic k-shell xrays have an effective energy of ______ keV. | 69
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| Most xrays produced at the target are _______. | Bremsstrahlung
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| At 55 kVp ________ of the xrays produced are bremsstrahlung. | 100%
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| Bremmsstrahlung xrays are produced by ______ at the target. | Slowing electrons
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| Characteristics xrays are produced by | released binding energy
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| The quantity of bremmstrahlung radiation increases proportionally with increased _______. | mAs
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| An exposure taken at 100 kVp would have a continuous emission spectrum with a maximum energy of _________. | 100
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| The ______ of an xray beam is higher when the peak of the emission spectrum is further to the _______. | Quality, Right
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| An increase in mAs would _______ the ______ of the emission spectrum. | Increase, Amplitude only
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| An increase in kVp would ________ the _______ of the emission spectrum. | Increase, Amplitude and position
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| Changes in ______ result in directly proportional changes int he amplitude of the emission spectrum. | mA and time
(Both A & B)
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| The discrete portion of the xrays emission spectrum would change position with a change in ________. | Target material
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| The amplitude of the emission spectrum is __________ with a ________ generator than/as with a three phase. | Lower, single phase
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| A 15% increase in kVp is equivalent to | doubling the mAs
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| How does the added filtration affect the emission spectrum? | Reduced amplitude and a shift to the right
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| Roentgen (or grays) is the measurement for xray _______. | Quantity, Exposure, Intensity
(All of the above)
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| The number of useful xrays in the beam defines xray. | Quantity
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| Standard xray machine produces about _______ mR/mAs at 70 kvp measured at 100 cm SID. | 5
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| Xray quantity increases in direct proportion to increase in ______. | mAs
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| If the distance from the source to the image SID is reduced by half, how is the xray intensity at the ????? | It is increased by 4 times
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| If the filter thickness is ______, then the xray intensity is _______. | Increased, Reduced and Reduced, increased.
(Both B & C)
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| A 10% increase in kVp has ________ effect on xray intensity than/as a 10% increase in mAs. | Much greater
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| if a x-ray quantity is double, the optical density on the finished radiograph will be ______. | Increased by the factor of two.
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| If a tech changes the technique from 70 kVp @ 200 mAs to 70 kVp @ 400 mAs, then _______. | Double, Double
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| The inverse square law has the same effect on optical density and xray _______. | Intensity, exposure, quantity
(All of the above)
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| An increase of 15% in the kVp is equivalent to increasing mAs _________. | 100%
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| If the intensity of a 70 kVp exposure at 20 mAs is 100 mR, what would it be at 5 mAs? | 25 mR
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| If an exposure is 50 mR at an SID of 40inches, what would the exposure be at with an SID of 60 inches? | 22.2 mR
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| Xray intensity is proportional to _______ | kVp2
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| The penetrability of an xray beam is called xray _______. | Quality
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| An xray beam that could pass through dense tissue would have high _________. | Penetrability and Quality
(Both A & B)
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| A low quality beam would also have low _______. | Penetrability
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| Beam quality is affected by ______. | kVp and filtration
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| The half value layer of an xray beam is measurement of beam ________. | Quality
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| Image contrast is affected by ________. | Beam quality and kVp
(Both A & B)
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| The HVL is lowered by a decrease in ________. | kVp & mAs
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| The xray beam quality is improved by _______. | Increasing filtration
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| The main purpose of the added filtration is to reduce _________. | Patient dose
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| Added filtration will ______ beam quality and _______ beam quantity. | Increase, Decrease
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| A compensating filter is used to create ______ optical density with a body part of ________ thickness. | Uniform, non-uniform
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| The two primary forms of xray interaction in diagnostic range are: | Compton scatter and photoelectric absorption
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| An incident xray interacts with an atom without ionization during __________. | Coherent scattering
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| An outer shell electron is ejected and the atom is ionized with _________. | Compton scatter
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| Which xray interaction involves the ejection of the k-shell electron? | Photoelectric absorption
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| The scattered xray from a compton interaction usually retains _______ of the energy of the incident photon. | Most
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| Compton scatter is directed at a _______ angle from the incident beam. | Any
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| As kVp ______ the probability of photoelectric absorption ______. | Increases, Decreases
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| There is a complete absorption of the incident xray photon with | Photoelectric effect
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| _________ occurs only at a very high energies used in radiation therapy and in nuclear medicine PET imaging. | Pair production
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| Only at energies above 10 meV can _____ take place. | Photodisintegration
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| When the mass density of the absorber is _______, it results in __________ compton scatter. | Increased, Increased
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| The k-shell binding energy increases with increasing __________. | Atomic number
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| Which has the greatest mass density? | Bone
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| Image fog in diagnostic imaging caused by: | Compton Scatter
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| Because of differential absorption, about _______ of the incident beam from the x-ray tube contributes to the finished ????? | 0.5%
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| Differential absorption is dependent on the ________. | kVp of the exposure, atomic number of the absorber, mass density of the absorber
(All of the above)
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| Attenuation is caused by _________. | Absorption and Scattering
(Both A & B)
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| Barium is a good contrast agent because of its | High atomic number
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| The use of contrast agents increases the amount of | Differential absorption, compton scatter, photoelectric absorption
(All of the above)
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| The negative contrast agent is ______. | Air
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| Xray transmitted without interaction contribute to | The radiographic image
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| Compton interactions, photoelectric absoprtion and transmitted xrays all contribute to _________ | Differential absorption
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| High kvp techniques reduce | patient dose
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| At energies below 40 kVp, the predominant xray interaction in soft tissue and bone is _________. | Photoelectric absorption
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| if 5 % of an incident beam is transmitted through a body part, then 95% of that beam was | attenuated
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| The smallest quality of any type of electromagnetic radiation is a _________. | Photon
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| What is the velocity of all electromagnetic radiation? | 3 x 10 to the power of 8 m/s
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| The rate of the rise and fall of a sine wave is called its ________. | Frequency
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| A hertz (Hz) is equal to ________. | 1 cycle per second
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| What is the electromagnetic wave equation? | C=F (upside down v symbol)
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| The ________ of electromagnetic radiation is constant. | velocity
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| If the wavelength of a beam of electromagnetic radiation increases by a factor of 2, then the frequency must __________. | Decrease by half
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| The intensity of radiation __________ in _________ proportional to the square of the distance of the object from ??????? | Decreases and inverse
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| The reduction of radiation intensity is due to scattering and absorption is called ________. | Attentuation
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| The velocity of light is written as : | c = 3 x 108 m/s
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| The maximum number of electrons that can exist in an electron shell is calculated with the formula __________. | 2n2
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| The shell number of an atom is called the ______. | Chemical element
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| The unit of measure of radiation in air is the ________. | Roentgen
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| The _______ is the unit to describe the dose of ionizing radiation received by a patient . | Rad
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| The unit used to measure occupational dose? | Rem
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| The gray is equivalent to _______. | .01 rads
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| A measure of 10-3 rad is a: | Millirad
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| Radioactive material is measured in: | Curies
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| A seivert is equal to a rem multiplied by _______. | 0.01
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| The intensity of radiation on an object is reduced with distance because the radiation : | Is spread out over a greater area.
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| The diagnostic range of xray energy is: | 30 to 150 kVp
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| The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its: | Frequency
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| The mass equivalent of a 100 keV photon of radiation can be calculated using the: | Relativity formula
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| Xrays are usually identified by their: | Energy
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| The lowest energy range of the electromagnetic spectrum is | Radio waves
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| Gamma rays are produced in the ______ of the atom | Nucleus
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| Photons tend to interact with matter ________ its wavelength. | Equal in size to
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| Photons with the highest frequency have the: | Shortest wavelength
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| The smallest unit of the electrical charge is: | Electron
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| Electrification occurs through the movement of: | Only electrons
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| like charges ______ and unlike charges _________ | Repel and Attract
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| Electrostatic force is _______ proportional to the distance between charges and ___________ proportional to the product of the charge. | Inversely, Directly
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| The charges on an electrified object are distributed: | Evenly throughout the object
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| On the surface of an electrified object the charges concentrate: | On the sharpest curvatures.
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| A _______ is a source of direct current. | Battery
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| What is the unit of electric potential? | Volt
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| An electric potential applied to a conductor produces a | Electric current and Magnetic Field
(Both A & B)
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| An alternating AC current is represented by a ______ line. | Sinusoidal
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| A _______ uses direct current., | Flashlight
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| Alternating current is produced by a ________. | Generator
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| What is ohm's law? | I = V/R
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| A charged particle in motion creates a(n): | Magnetic field
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| Electrical power is measured in _______. | Watts
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| Rubber and glass are: | Insulators
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| The rotation of electrons on their axis is the property called: | Electron spin
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| When a group of a dipoles are aligned they create a : | Magnetic Domain
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| In the united states alternating current goes through a complete cycle every ______ second. | 1/60
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| What is the SI unit of magnetic field strength? | Tesla
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| The force between magnetic poles is proportional to the _______ of the magnetic pole strengths divided by the _______ of the distance. | Product and Square
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| What type of material can be made magnetic when placed in an external magnetic field? | Ferromagnetic
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| Like magnetic poles ______ and unlike magnetic poles ________ | Repel and Attract
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| Wood, Glass and plastic are _______ materials | Paramagnetic
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| The magnetic intensity of an electromagnet is greatly increased by the addition of a(n) _______ core. | Iron
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| The first batteries were made of stacks of _______ and _______ places sandwiches together. | Zinc and Copper
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| Oersted discovered that an electric current flowing through a wire would affect a ________ nearby. | Compass
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| Faradays experiments proved that a current could be induced by a magnetic field only if the field is: | Changing
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| A magnet created by a coil of wire is called a: | Solenoid
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| The magnitude of an induced current depends on the: | Angle of the conductor to the magnetic field, number of lumens in the conductor, velocity of the magnetic field as it moves past the conductor.
(All of the above)
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| Lenz Law states that an induced current flows in a direction that ______ the action that produces it. | Opposes
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| An electrical component that works through self-induction is the __________ | Transformer
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| An electric current can be induced in a coil of wire if it is placed near an: | Electromagnet
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| A coil of wire placed between the two poles of a magnet with a strong magnetic field would be an: | Electric generator
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| A cummutator ring is used to charge ______ current to _______ current in an electric generator. | Alternating and Direct
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| The most efficient type of transformer is the | Shell-type transformer
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| A device that converts any form of energy into electrical energy is a source of | Electromotive force
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| The number of windings on the primary side of the step up transformer are always _______ the number of the windings on the secondary ?????? | Less than
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| Mechanical motion produces electric current in the _______. | Electric generator
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| The two basic types of induction are _______ induction and ________ induction. | Self and Mutual
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| A transformer converts: | Electrical potential to higher or lower intensity
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| A transformer has 100 cols on the primary side and 300 coils on the secondary side. What will the voltage be on the secondary side? | 360 V
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| The current to a transformer must be supplied by an | AC source
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| What is the mechanical source of energy for electrical generators that supply electricity to out cities? | Waterfalls, Steam from atomic power, windmills
(All of the above)
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| The three main parts of the xray imaging system are the xray tube, ______ and ______. | Operating console and high voltage generator
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| The operating console contains circuits that are: | Low voltage only
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| Variations in power distribution to the xray machine are corrected by the: | Line voltage compensator
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| The first component to receive power in the xray circuit is the: | Autotransformer
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| The autotransformer has ______ windings. | One
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| The ________ circuit provides electrons for the xray tube current. | Filament
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| Thermionic emission at the filament determines the _________ across the xray tube during an exposure. | Milliamperage
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| A step down transformer is located in the _____ circuit. | Filament
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| The most accurate type of time is the _______ timer. | Electronic
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| The automatic exposure control terminates the exposure when: | sufficient radiation reaches the IR
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| The mAs timer is usually set to give the _______ mA at the ______ time. | Highest, and shortest
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| the step up transformer increases voltage _______ timers. | 500-1000.
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| A diode allows electrons to flow: | from the cathode to the anode
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| The high voltage generator contains the high voltage transformer, the ________ and the __________. | Filament transformer and rectifiers.
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| The difference in the wave/form between the primary and secondary sides of the high voltage transformer is the ________. | Amplitude
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| In modern imaging systems, the components for rectification are: | Solid state semiconductors
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| With half-wave rectification the current flows through the xray tube during the ______ part of the cycle. | Positive
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| Anode angle and Effective focal spot are: | Directly proportional
(If one increases, the other increases)
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| Full wave rectified, three phase pulse units provide an xray beam at _____ per second. | 360 pulses
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| Voltage across the xray tube is most constant with: | High frequency generators
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| Most mammo units operate with _______ generators. | High frequency
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| A single phase waveform has _______ ripple. | 100%
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| Pre reading voltmeter is also known as _______ meter. | kVp Meter
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| The xray beam generated by the circuit with the ______ voltage ripple has the _______ quantity and quality. | Lowest and Highest
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| The principal disadvantage of the three phase equipment is: | Operation
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| What is the industry standard formula for calculating high voltage generation power? | Power = max mA (@100 kVp and 100 ms) x 100 kVp
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| The xray generator with the lowest power rating is the _______ imaging system. | Single phase
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| The most widely used support structure for the xray tube is the: | Ceiling support system
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| The external structure of the xray tube includes the support structure, the protective housing and the ________ | Glass envelope
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| As an xray tube ages, the inside can become coated with tungsten, which can cause _____ in the tube. | Arcing
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| The negative side of the xray tube holds the | Filament
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| What is the most common cause of tube failure? | Tungsten vaporization
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| The filament is made of | Tungsten
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| Thermionic emission at the filament creates a _________. | Space charge
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| When electrons bombard the target, _______ of their kinetic energy is converted to heat. | 99%
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| The target of the rotating anode is usually coated with a ____ alloy. | Tungsten
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| The rotating anode is turned by the: | Magnetic field
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