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AP 2 Book

Lecture 4 Exam Study - Anatomy of the Biliary System

QuestionAnswer
Accessory organs of the Digestive System: 1 2 3 4 1. Salivary Glands 2. Liver 3. Gallbladder 4. Pancreas
Largest Solid organ in the body Liver
Location of the Liver RUQ of the Abdomen
The Function of the Liver: 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Produces Bile that breaks down fats mechanically 2. Detoxifies nitrogenous wastes into urea 3. Regulates blood glucose levels 4. Metabolizes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats 5. Stores Vitamins A, D, E, and K 6. Produces blood plasma proteins
Two major lobes of the Liver and two minor lobes of the Liver: Major: Right and Left Minor: Caudate and Quadrate
What separates the two major lobes of the Liver? Falciform Ligament
Functional unit of the Liver Liver Lobule
Attaches the Liver tot he superior surface of the Diaphragm Coronary Ligament
The undersurface of the Liver is attached to the Stomach by the? Lesser Omentum
The blood supply to the Liver is unique in that it is _______, which means what? Triphasic; it is supplied by an additional vein from the Small Intestine - the portal vein
The Hepatic Triad within the Liver consists of the: 1 2 3 1. Hepatic Duct 2. Portal Vein 3. Bile Ducts
A fissure on the visceral surface of the Liver where the portal vein and hepatic artery enter and the hepatic ducts leave Porta Hepatis
Function of the Portal Vein? Brings blood from the Digestive Tract, Spleen and Pancreas to the Liver
Channels in the Liver lined with Epithelium, where the Portal Vein Ends. Sinusoids
Interspersed among the Sinusoids are Phagocytic cells that engulf bacteria and other foreign substances before the blood returns back to the Heart, which are called what? Kupffer's Cells
Tiny bile ducts that form a network around the Liver cells Bile Canaliculi
Right and Left Hepatic Duct Join to become the? Common Hepatic Duct
The Common Hepatic Duct Meets what duct to convey bile to the Gallbladder for storage? Cystic Duct
The Cystic Duct and Common Hepatic Ducts merge to become the? Common Bile Duct
The Common Bile Duct meets the Pancreatic Duct to enter where? The descending duodenum
The Common Bile Duct and the Pancreatic Duct enter the descending duodenum at an opening called the? Ampulla of Vater
A muscular ring which controls the flow of bile into the Duodenum at the Ampulla of Vater is called the? Sphincter of Oddi
Another name for the Pancreatic Duct? Duct of Wirsung
Inflammation of the Liver which may be caused by exposure to a virus or tainted food or blood Hepatitis
Occurs when Liver cells are replaced by scar tissue due to poor nutrition and alcoholism Cirrhosis
Usually a secondary tumor, metastasized from a primary tumor located elsewhere in the body Cancer
The Gallbladder consists of a: 1 2 3 1. Neck: narrowed portion, continuous with the Cystic Duct 2. Body: 3. Fundus: expanded segment, projects downward and to the right
Function of the Gallbladder Storage of bile from the Liver
Evacuation of bile from the Gallbladder occurs by contraction when what hormone is released from the duodenal bulb? Cholecystokinin
An inflammation of the Gallbladder usually caused by Gallstones that block the biliary tree Cholecystitis
Formed by hardened deposits of digestive fluid Gallstones
What is the modality of choice for diagnosing gallstones? Ultrasound
Lobulated soft, grayish pink retroperitoneal gland, situated across the posterior abdominal wall, lying within the C-Loop of the Duodenum Pancreas
Structures of the Pancreas: 1 2 3 4 1. Head 2. Neck 3. Body 4. Tail
Broadest portion of the Pancreas lying within the C-Loop of the Duodenum Head
Slightly constricted portion of the Pancreas, connecting the head and body Neck
Function of the Pancreas Serves as both an Exocrine and Endocrine gland
The word "pancreas" means? "All flesh or all meat" in latin
Function of the Exocrine portion of the Pancreas: 1 2 3 1. Composed of clusters of cells known as Acini, connected to small ducts 2. Secrete Pancreatic enzymes which breakdown carbs, proteins, and fats chemically 3. Enzymes are transported to the descending duodenum via the Pancreatic Duct or Duct of Wirsung
Function of the Endocrine portion of the Pancreas: 1 2 3 1. Ductless portion of the Gland whos secretions transmit directly into the bloodstream 2. Composed of the Islets of Langerhorns which produce Insulin and Glucagon 3. Promotes an excess level of sugar which causes liver to convert glucagon to glucose
A group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood glucose, commonly called blood sugar - two forms designated as type 1 and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Once known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition in which the Pancreas produces little or no insulin Diabetes type 1
Occurs when the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or doesn't make enough insulin Diabetes type 2
A disease in which the pancreas becomes inflamed, there are two forms, acute and chronic. Pancreatitis
A sudden inflammation that occurs over a short period of time, usually caused by gallstones or heavy alcohol use. Acute Pancreatitis
Loculated, fluid collections arising from inflammation, necrosis, or hemorrhage that are associated with Acute Pancreatitis or trauma, Pancreatic Pseudocysts
Majority are Adenocarcinoma, arising within the Endocrine component of the Pancreas Pancreatic Cancer
The Spleen is not associated with the ______ or _______ _______ Digestive or Biliary Systems
The Spleen is part of the _______ System Lymphatic
Function of the Spleen 1 2 3 4 5 1. A filter for the bloodstream 2. Has Phagocytic cells which destroy bacteria and foreign particles from Interstitial fluid 3. Production and release of blood cells from the bone marrow 4. Produces antibodies 5. Reservoir for RBC's
Spleen location LUQ, between the Fundus of the Stomach and the Diaphragm
The Spleen is _____ shaped, ____-inches long and ____-inches wide Bean; 5; 3
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