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Quiz 1
Thermodynamics 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absolute pressure | is the actual pressure at a given position and it is measured relative to absolute vacuum (i.e., absolute zero pressure). |
| Adiabatic | is a process during which there is no heat transfer. |
| Boundary | is the real or imaginary surface that separates the system from its surroundings. |
| Sensible energy | is the portion of the internal energy of a system associated with the kinetic energies of the molecules. |
| Latent energy | is the internal energy associated with the phase of a system. |
| Chemical energy | is the internal energy associated with the atomic bonds in a molecule. |
| Nuclear energy | is the tremendous amount of energy associated with the strong bonds within the nucleus of the atom itself. |
| Thermodynamics | science of energy. |
| Statistical thermodynamics | is based on the average behaviour of large groups of individual particles. |
| Classical thermodynamics | is the macroscopic approach to the study of thermodynamics that does not require knowledge of the behaviour of individual particles. |
| Kinetic energy | is energy that a system possesses as a result of its motion relative to some reference frame. |
| Potential energy | is the energy that a system possesses as a result of its elevation in a gravitational field |
| Internal energy | is the sum of all the microscopic forms of energy. |
| Thermal energy | is the sensible and latent forms of internal energy. |
| Mechanical energy | is the energy that is possessed by an object due to its motion or due to its position. |
| Thermal contact | energy exchange through the process of heat. |
| Extensive properties | values depend on the size-or extent-of the system. Mass m, volume V, and total energy E are some examples. |
| Intensive properties | those that are independent of the size of a system, such as temperature, pressure, and density |
| Specific property | extensive properties per unit mass. |
| State property | A property whose value doesn't depend on the path taken to reach that specific value |
| Equilibrium state | one in which there are no driving forces or unbalanced potentials. The system must be in thermal, mechanical, phase, and chemical equilibrium. |
| Thermal equilibrium | no temperature gradients |
| Mechanical equilibrium | pressure invariant |
| Phase equilibrium | must have thermal and mechanical equilibrium. Mass of each phase and the number of phases present does not change in time. |
| Chemical equilibrium | the chemical composition of the system does not change in time. |
| Zeroth law of thermodynamics | states that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. |
| Temperature | a property of an object which determines the direction of the flow of thermal energy when the object is placed in thermal contact with another object. |
| Thermodynamic temperature | uses an absolute scale, increases with increasing hotness, and is independent of any other particular substance. |
| Pressure | the force exerted by a fluid per unit area. |
| Conservation of mass | expressed as net mass transfer to or from a system during a process equal to the net change (increase or decrease) in the total mass of the system during that process. |
| Gauge pressure | the difference between the absolute pressure and the local atmospheric pressure. |
| Partial pressure | a component in a gas mixture is the product of the mole fraction and the mixture pressure. |
| Heat | defined as the form of energy that is transferred between two systems (or a system and its surroundings) by virtue of a temperature difference. |
| Work | the energy transfer associated with a force acting through a distance. |
| Electrical work | work done on a system as electrons in a wire move under the effect of electromotive forces while crossing the system boundary. |
| Shaft work | energy transmitted by a rotating shaft and is the related to the torque T applied to the shaft and the number of revolutions of the shaft per unit time. |
| Mechanical work | s defined as an energy transfer to the system through the change of an external parameter. |
| Isochoric (isometric) | specific volume remains constant. |
| Heat capacity | the amount of heat required to change a sustances temperature by one degree. |
| Path | the series of states through which a system passes during a process. |
| Process | any change that a system undergoes from one equilibrium state to another. |
| Cyclic process | The process in which the initial and final states are the same. |
| independent property | exist when one property can be varied while another property is held constant. |
| Gibbs phase rule | provides the number of independent variables associated with a multicomponent, multiphase system. (degree of freedom analysis) |
| Compressibility factor | is a correction factor to account for deviation from ideal-gas behaviour at a given temperature and pressure |
| Steady state | flow balanced; does not vary over time. |
| Transient state | flow unbalanced; changes over time. |
| External energy | energy that has to be supplied to the system. |
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