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9U3C1-4

QuestionAnswer
force A push or a pull
magnitude the size of a quantity
net force the combination of all the forces acting on an object at the same time
balanced forces forces acting on an object that combine and form a net force of zero
unbalanced forces forces acting on an object that combine and form a net force that is not zero
Laws of Motion Three laws formulated by Sir Isaac Newton that describe how objects move in relation to the forces acting on them.
Newton's First Law An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. (Law of inertia)
Inertia matter's resistance to change in motion
Momentum a measure of how difficult it is to change the inertia of an object.
law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a group of objects stays the same unless outside forces act on the objects
Newton's Second Law Force equals mass times acceleration
Newton's Third Law For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force
magnitude and direction Forces have both __________ and ___________
Newton (N) unit used to measure force
1 kg x 1 m/s^2 1 Newton equals
M x V momentum formula
p abbreviation for momentum
kg(m/s)
Kilograms X meters per second Unit used for momentum
F = m(a) force formula
speed up When the net force (and therefore acceleration) is in the same direction as the velocity what happens?
slow down When the net force is in the opposite direction as the velocity what happens?
gravity the force that attracts masses together
weight The measurement of the force of gravity on an object that has mass.
mass the amount of matter in an object
friction the force that opposes movement between touching surfaces and always acts against the direction of motion.
static friction the force of friction between surfaces not in motion
sliding friction friction that occurs when one solid surface slides over another
rolling friction the friction between surfaces, when an object, such as a wheel or a ball, rolls freely over a surface.
fluid friction the friction that occurs as an object moves through a fluid
terminal velocity the speed at which the force of gravity equals air resistance
magnet any material that attracts iron or materials containing iron
electric force the attractive force between opposite charges and the repulsive force between like charges
centripetal force the force that causes objects to have circular motion
buoyancy an upward force exerted by a fluid onto an object that is immersed in the fluid.
force of gravity and mass of the object What are two things that weight depends on?
9.8 m/s2 acceleration due to gravity on earth
center Centripetal force always points toward the _______ of the circular path of motion.
distance The force of gravity decreases as the _________ between masses increase.
repel, attract In magnetic and electric forces, likes _______ and opposite _______.
mass x gravity weight formula
motion is an object's change in position relative to a reference point
reference point A place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion
distance How far an object moves
Displacement the change in position of an object
speed the distance something travels in a certain amount of time
scalars are quantities that are fully described by a magnitude (or numerical value) alone
average speed the total distance something has traveled divided by the total time it has traveled
constant speed Speed that does not change
instantaneous speed the speed at a certain given moment
Velocity the speed of an object in a particular direction
Vector quantities that are fully described by both a magnitude and a direction
Acceleration the rate at which velocity changes with time
deceleration negative acceleration
meters per second (m/s) Speed is most commonly measured in
seconds Time is most commonly measured in
meters Distance is most commonly measured in
distance/time formula for speed
displacement/time formula for velocity
scalar quantity What type of quantity is speed?
vector quantity What type of quantity is velocity?
Vfinal - Vinitial / time formula for acceleration
meters per second squared (m/s^2) Acceleration is most commonly measured in
something can accelerate by
work The action that results when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force
power the rate at which work is done
machine a device that helps make work easier by changing the size or direction (or both) of a force
Work input The work you do on a machine
Work output The work done by the machine
Mechanical advantage a number that tells how many times a machine multiplies force (no units)
Mechanical Efficiency is a comparison of a machine's work output with the work input (expressed as a percentage)
Simple machine the six machines from which all other machines are constructed
Compound machine a machine that is made of two or more simple machines
levers a simple machine consisting of a bar that pivots at a fixed point
First-class The fulcrum is somewhere in the middle, and the load and effort are on each side of the fulcrum
Second-class The fulcrum is to one side, the load is in the middle, and the effort is on the other side
Third-class The fulcrum is to one side, the effort is in the middle, and the load is on the other side
Inclined planes reduces the amount of effort required by increasing the work's distance
wedges a moveable inclined plane and it reduces the amount of work required to split or lift objects
screws a wedge (an inclined plane) wrapped around a shaft or post
Wheel and axel a simple machine consisting of two circular objects of different sizes; the wheel is the larger of the two circular objects
pulleys a simple machine consisting of a grooved wheel that holds a rope or a cable
force X distance work formula
joules units of work
work/time power formula
watts unit for power
force output/force input mechanical advantage formula (force)
distance input/distance output mechanical advantage formula (distance)
work output/work input X 100 mechanical efficiency formula
Created by: Ms. Greenup
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