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psych sac 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is nature | what you are genetically given at conception by your parents. They remain constant throughout your lifespan. eg. eye colour, hair texture, physique |
| what is nurture | all the experiences, objects & events we are exposed to during our lifetimes. eg, family life, education, economical status |
| what is a sensitive period | Specific times during development when a biological event is more ‘sensitive’ or responsive to certain types of environmental stimuli. We can still learn after the sensitive period has closed, but the learning process is less efficient. |
| what is a critical period | Refers to a fixed period of development in which an organism has heightened sensitivity to external stimuli that are compulsory for development of a particular skill |
| what was hubel and wiesel's cat experiment aim and conclusion | testing to see if visual efficiency is a critical period by sewing one eye shut for the first 3 months of its life. the conclusion is that without the light stimulation the visual capabilities were extermely damaged and practically not functioning |
| what are the 3 types of attachment | secure attachment, avoidant attachment and resistant attachment |
| what is secure attachment, what does it look like | with a caregiver that is providing all the essential and ten ding to needs, the child will feel safe around them, they tend to feel distressed when without them and may not be comforted by others. |
| what is avoidant attachment, what does it look like | with a caregiver that is often neglectful or abusive the child will want little to no contact with the caregiver and is equally as comfortable with anyone. |
| what is resistant attachment, what does it look like | with a caregiver that is inconsistent and unreliable the child will have an unhealthy clingy attachment to the caregiver and not easily comforted by others. |
| harlows monkey experiment overview | they placed an infant monkey with two different mother prototypes, one which provided only food and the other only providing comfort. |
| what was the outcome of harlows monkey experiment | that when placed in a stressful situation the baby monkey will run to the mother that provides comfort rather than food. |
| what are piagets 4 stages of attachment | sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational and formal operational |
| what age and skills are involved in sensorimotor | age: birth-2, Object permanence & goal directed behaviour |
| what age and skills are involved in pre-operational | age: 2-7, Symbolic thinking, egocentrism, animism, transformation, centration, reversibility |
| what age and skills are involved in concrete operational | age: 7-12, Conservation, Hierarchical Classification |
| what age and skills are involved in formal operational | age: 12+, Idealistic thinking, Abstract thinking, Logical thinking |
| what are the 8 stages of erik eriksons psychosocial development | hope, will, purpose, competence, fidelity, love, caring and wisdom |
| what is the crisis in stage one: hope | trust vs mistrust |
| what is the crisis in stage two: will | autonomy vs shame and doubt |
| what is the crisis in stage three: purpose | initiative vs guilt |
| what is the crisis in stage four: competence | industry vs inferiority |
| what is the crisis in stage five: fidelity | identity vs role confusion |
| what is the crisis in stage six: love | intimacy vs isolation |
| what is the crisis in stage seven: caring | generatively vs stagnation |
| what is the crisis in stage eight: wisdom | integrity vs despair |
| what is typical behaviour | what is usual or appropriate; at most times a person acts as they usually do. |
| what is atypical behaviour | A person acting in ways that are unusual for them |
| what are the 3 components on the mental health continuum | mentally healthy, mental problem, mental disorder |
| what is a mental disorder | Significant personal distress caused by thoughts, feelings or behaviours which impair their ability to function in everyday life. Cannot function in every day life, and often shows maladaptive behaviours. |
| what is a mental health problem | Negatively affects a persons thoughts, feelings and behaviours, but is usually shorter and less serious than a mental disorder. May temporarily struggle with daily changes. Usually short term. |
| what is mentally healthy | Being able to cope with every day challenges, have a sense of connection with others and have a generally positive state of mental wellbeing. Can meet the demands of everyday life, and shows adaptive behaviours. Ability to bounce back from adversity. |
| what is the difference between cognitive and psychosocial development | Piaget based his stages on Cognitive development and the stages/processes that individuals go through on their own during their life. Whereas Erikson based his stages on Psychosocial development which is the processes within us, and experiences we have |
| what is the biopsychosocial theory | The biopsychosocial model is an approach that proposes that health and illness outcomes are determined by the interaction and contribution of biological, psychological and social risk and protective factors. |
| what is a risk factor | A risk factor is any characteristic or event that increases the likelihood of the development or progression of a mental disorder. |
| what is a protective factor | A protective factor is any characteristic or event that reduces the likelihood of the occurrence or recurrence of a mental disorder, either on its own or when risk factors are present. |
| what are the 3 components to biopsychosocial studies | biological, psychological and social |
| what are the 3 components to psychosocial development | social development, emotional development and cognitive development |
| what is neurotypical behaviour | Is a specific term for normality that describes individuals who think, behave and feel in ways that are typical of most people. Neurotypical brain development refers to the expected development of brain structures and neurological connections over time. |
| what is neurodivergent behaviour | Refers to individuals who think, behave or feel differently from most other people. |
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gemma-bell
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