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RADT 465
Safety
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| All or nothing and late effects describe what effect type of radiation | stochastic/probabilistic effects (pg 113) |
| What is off-focus radiation | when the upper collimator shutter functions to eliminate (pg 113) |
| What are somatic effects | radiation exposed to a persons throughout their life (pg 113) |
| What is erythema | when the skin looks red and irritated due to radiation exposure (pg 114) |
| Greatest source of scatter radiation | patient (pg 114) |
| What is the relationship between kV and HVL | direct (pg 114) |
| If the field size is increase and nothing else is, how will it effect the DAP | will increase DAP (pg 114) |
| Describe Compton scatter | a x-ray interaction with matter that causes majority of scatter radiation reaching IR (pg 114) |
| What is used when accounting for differences in tissue characteristics for effective dose to biological material | tissue weighing factor (pg 114) |
| The control booth, lead aprons, and x-ray tube housing are all examples of | secondary radiation barriers (pg 115) |
| Thyroid cancers, catarctogenesis, and reduced infertility are all examples of | late-radiation induced somatic effects (pg 115) |
| Lithium fluoride crystals are used in what kind of dosimetry system | thermoluminescent (pg 115) |
| Radiology personnel and patients are occupied in what area | controlled area (pg 115) |
| Kilovoltage, milliampere seconds, and inherent filtration all effect | patient dose (pg 115) |
| What is recommended for pregnant radiographers | to wear a second dosimeter under a lead apron (pg 115) |
| What is occupational exposure | annual dose limit for imaging personnel from radiation (pg 115) |
| What will happen when moving the image intensifier closer to the patient | improve image quality and deceases patient dose (pg 116) |
| X-ray, visible light, gamma, and ultraviolet light are all examples of | electromagnetic radiation (pg 116) |
| To calculate effective dose you need | absorbed dose, type of radiation, and tissue exposed (pg 116) |
| What is the minimum lead requirement | 0.50-mm Pb equivalent (pg 116) |
| Undifferentiated and stem cells are both | immature cells (pg 116) |
| What is a primary barrier | any wall the x-ray beam may be directed to (pg 116) |
| Patient dose increases when FOV | decreases (pg 117) |
| Sv unit is used to measure what | radiation dose to biologic material (pg 117) |
| Define epilation | skin response causing hair loss due to radiation exposure (pg 117) |
| Define attenuation | reduction of intensity of x-ray through material (pg 117) |
| Radiation barriers must be at least how tall | 7 feet (pg 118) |
| Generally skull projections are examined in the | PA projection (pg 118) |
| Majority of occupational radiation exposure comes from | bedside radiation and fluoroscopy (pg 119) |
| What kind of human cell type has the greatest radiosensitivity | lymphocytes (pg 119) |
| What is gestation | period between conception and birth (pg 120) |
| The Bucky slot cover is made to protect | the fluoroscopist and technologist (pg 120) |
| Sv unit is used to | express occupational exposure (pg 120) |
| Radiation quality and field size both factors that contribute | to amount of scattered radiation production (pg 121) |
| What is an ionization chamber | it is automatic exposure device located under the x-ray table (pg 121) |
| Short SID would do what to skin exposure | increase (pg 121) |
| What are the filters in x-ray tubes made of | aluminum (pg 122) |
| Photoelectric effect involves an interaction with | an inner-shell electron (pg 122) |
| Define air kerma | exposure in air (pg 122) |
| Skin erythema, hematologic depression, and radiation lethality are all what kind of types of radiation exposure responses | nonlinear threshold dose-response relationship (pg 122) |
| When field size decreases, DAP | decreases (pg 123) |
| What cells are the most radiosensitive | erythroblasts (pg 123) |
| Aluminum filtration effects what kind of photons the most | low-energy x-ray photons (pg 123) |
| Photoelectric effect contributes most to | patient dose (pg 124) |
| Whole body dose refers to | effective dose (pg 124) |
| The stage of mitosis least radiosensitive | S stage (pg 125) |
| The term kerma is used to express what | kinetic energy released in matter (pg 125) |
| What is the function of lead aprons | to protect from scatter radiation (pg 125) |
| Barriers, distance, and time | effective to reduce radiation exposure (pg 125) |
| What radiation dose will cause a noticeable skin reaction | SED (pg 126) |
| What is the main reason of filtration | to reduce patient skin dose (pg 127) |
| Define radiolysis | when water molecules are irritated within the body (pg 127) |
| When a radiographer is pregnant or preforming a vascular procedure they need to | wear two dosimeters (pg 127) |
| Citation for all flashcards: Saia, D.A. (2021). Lange Q&A: Radiography Examination (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill |
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