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PSY 105 Modules 1-3

PSY 105 Modules 1-3: What is Psychology?

QuestionAnswer
Empiricism Evidence-based approach based on observation and experimentation.
Critical thinking The scientific attitude: Curiosity + skepticism + humility
What did Wundt's research find regarding reaction time? Reaction time was considerably longer when participants were instructed to press the key only after they became aware of the ball dropping.
Structuralism Introspection and unreliable as an approach for understanding mental structures.
Functionalism William James (influenced by Darwin) sought to organize internal experience by function
Behaviorism Focuses on observable behavior. "The scientific study of observable behavior."
Psychoanalytical psychology Focuses on how the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences influence behavior.
Humanistic psychology Focuses on growth potential and the human need for acceptance and love.
Cognitive psychology Perception/processing/memory
Cognitive neuroscience Brain function underlying mental activity
Evolutionary psychology How are we alike?
Behavior genetics How are we different?
What is Charles Darwin famous for? Theory of natural selection.
Nature Genetic make-up or in-born characteristics
Nurture Environmental influences
Culture Enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
Cultural humility Lifelong process of reflection and inquiry involving self-awareness of personal and cultural biases, and awareness and sensitive to significant cultural issues of others.
Culture-specific syndrome Clusters of symptoms that occur in the context of a specific culture.
Sexism in psychology Early in history, psychology excluded most women and was dominated by white males.
Brain-computer interface Stentrode is an implant that allows a paralysis patient to perform computing functions such as writing emails and online shopping just by thinking.
Biopsychosocial Recognizes that humans are complex beings that do not exist in a vacuum. We shape and are shaped by our environment and others around us.
Positive psychology Martin Seligman focuses on happiness and living a meaningful life.
Counseling psychology Counseling and therapeutic interventions
Clinical psychology Psychopathology
psychiatry Primarily focuses on psychopharmacological intervention.
community psychology How institutions and social environments impact individuals and groups
Hindsight bias The tendency to believe that one would have foreseen an outcome after having seen the outcome
Overconfidence The tendency to think we know more than we actually know
Confirmation bias Tendency to believe information that confirms a belief we already have
Repetition the more we hear a piece of information, the likelier it is we will come to believe it
Availability of example We tend to consume information that is most readily available to use
group identity Humans have a tendency to identify with a group and will accept information despite its truthfulness in the interest of group belonging
Scientific Method Theory, hypothesis, operation definition, replication, meta-analysis
Descriptive research Case studies, naturalistic observations, surveys and interviews
Correlation The relationship between two or more variables
Dependent variable The outcome measure by the researcher; variable may change when the independent variable is manipulated
Independent variable Variable that is manipulated by the researcher; variable whose effect is being studied
Confounding variables Factors that are not being studied but which might influence the outcome of a study
Mean Average of all the numbers
Median The middle number, when in order
Mode The most common number
Range the largest number minus the smallest number
Skewed
Created by: eneill
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