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AP 2 - Book
Anatomy of the Biliary System - Lecture 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Accessory Organs of the Digestive System: 1. 2. 3. 4. | 1. Salivary Glands 2. Liver 3. Gallbladder 4. Pancreas |
| Largest solid organ in the body, lying under the Diaphragm in the RUQ? | Liver |
| Functions of the Liver: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. | 1. Produces Bile 2. Detoxifies Nitrogenous Wastes into Urea 3. Regulates Blood Glucose levels 4. Metabolizes Carbs, proteins and fats 5. Stores Vitamins A, D, E, and K 6. Produces blood plasma proteins |
| Two major lobes of the Liver: 1. 2. | 1. Right 2. Left |
| Two minor lobes of the Liver: 1. 2. | 1. Caudate Lobe - posterior and superior 2. Quadrate Lobe - posterior and inferior |
| Functional unit of the Liver | Liver Lobule |
| The Liver Lobule is a Hexagonal shaped unit comprised of ______ (Liver cells) and irregular columns called ______ ______ | Hepatocytes; Liver Cords |
| The three major components of the area in the Liver, the Hepatic Triad, named after its triangular shape: 1. 2. 3. | 1. Hepatic Artery 2. Portal Vein 3. Bile Ducts |
| Vein in the Liver which supplies blood to the organ from the Small Intestine, Spleen, and Pancreas? | Portal Vein |
| A fissure on the Visceral surface of the Liver, where the portal vein and hepatic artery enter and the hepatic ducts leave? | Porta Hepatis |
| Artery which supplies the Liver with oxygenated blood? | Hepatic Artery |
| Where the Hepatic Artery enters the Liver | Porta Hepatis |
| Brings blood from the Digestive Tract, Spleen, and Pancreas to the Liver | Portal Vein |
| Channels in the Liver lined with Epithelium | Sinosoids |
| Phagocytic Cells, interspersed among the Sinosoids, which engulf bacteria and other foreign substances before the blood returns back to the Heart? | Kupffer's Cells |
| Three ______ ______ convey detoxified blood from the Liver to the Inferior Vena Cava to be returned to the Heart. | Hepatic Veins |
| A network of tiny bile ducts around the Liver Cells | Bile Canaliculi |
| What conveys bile out of the Liver? | Right and Left Hepatic Ducts |
| The Right and Left Hepatic Ducts join to become the? | Common Hepatic Duct |
| Duct that conveys bile to the Gallbladder | Cystic Duct |
| The Cystic Duct and Common Hepatic Duct merge to become the? | Common Bile Duct |
| The Common Bile Duct meets the ______ ______ to enter the Descending Duodenum at an opening called the ______ of ______ | Pancreatic Duct; Ampulla of Vater |
| A muscular ring which controls the flow of bile into the Duodenum at the Ampulla of Vater is called the? | Sphincter of Oddi |
| Inflammation of the Liver | Hepatitus |
| Occurs when Liver cells are replaced by scar tissue due to poor nutrition and alcoholism | Cirrhosis of the Liver |
| A secondary tumor, metastasized from a primary tumor located elsewhere in the body. | Liver Cancer |
| Pear-shaped, thin walled musculo-membranous organ | Gallbladder |
| What are the structures of the Gallbladder? | Neck, Body, and Fundus |
| The narrowed portion of the Gallbladder, continuous with the Cystic Duct? | Neck |
| Major segment of the Gallbladder which projects upward and to the left? | Body |
| Expanded segment of the Gallbladder, which projects downward and to the right? | Fundus |
| Function of the Gallbladder | Store and release bile |
| What hormone stimulates the contraction and release of bile? | Cholecystokinen |
| Evacuation of bile from the Gallbladder is released from the? | Duodenal Bulb |
| Inflammation of the Gallbladder, caused by gallstones that block the Biliary Tree? | Cholecystitis |
| hardened deposits of digestive fluid (majority made up of Cholesterol) | Gallstones |
| Modality of choice for diagnosing Gallstones? | Ultrasound |
| Lobulated soft, grayish pink retroperitoneal gland situated across the posterior abdominal wall, and lies within the C-Loop of the Duodenum? | Pancreas |
| Structures of the Pancreas: 1. 2. 3. 4. | 1. Head 2. Neck 3. Body 4.Tail |
| Broadest portion of the Pancreas, lying within the C-Loop of the Duodenum? | Head |
| Slightly constricted portion of the Pancreas connecting the head and body? | Neck |
| Portion of the Pancreas passing transversely across the Abdomen, behind the Stomach and in front of the Left Kidney? | Body |
| Left lower portion of the Pancreas reaching toward the vicinity of the Spleen? | Tail |
| Function of the Pancreas? | Serves as both an Exocrine and Endocrine Gland |
| The Exocrine portion of the Pancreas is composed of clusters of cells known as? | Acini |
| The Pancreas secretes Pancreatic enzymes, which _________ break down Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats. | Chemically |
| Enzymes are transported to the Descending Duodenum via the ______ ______ or ______ of ______, which usually merges with the Common Bile Duct at the ______ of ______ of the Descending Duodenum. | Pancreatic Duct; Duct of Wirsung; Ampulla of Vator |
| Ductless portion of the Pancreas whose secretions are transmitted directly into the bloodstream? | Endocrine portion |
| Islets of Langerhorns (in the Endocrine portion of the Pancreas), produce what? | Insulin and Glucagon |
| Responsible for the uptake and utilization of Glucose by the cells; the opposite force of Glucagon? | Insulin |
| A group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood glucose, commonly called blood sugar. | Diabates Mellitus |
| Once known as Juvenile Diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition in which the Pancreas produces little or no insulin. | Diabetes Type l |
| Occurs when the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin or doesn't make enough insulin. | Diabetes type ll |
| A disease in which the Pancreas becomes inflamed | Pancreatitis |
| Loculated, fluid collections arising from inflammation, necrosis, or hemorrhage that are associated with Acute Pancreatitis or trauma. | Pancreatic Pseudocysts |
| Majority are Adenocarcinoma, arising within the Exocrine component of the Pancreas. | Pancreatic Cancer |
| Not associated with the Digestive or Biliary System, part of the Lymphatic System, whose purpose is to destroy bacteria and remove foreign particles from Interstitial Fluid. | Spleen |
| Structure that is located between the Fundus of the Stomach and the Diaphragm | Spleen |
| Function of the Spleen | 1 Serves as a filter for the bloodstream 2. Has Phagocytic Cells which destroy old RBC's, bacteria, and foreign particles 3. Production and release of blood cells from the bone marrow 4. Produces antibodies 5. Reservoir for RBC's |
| Cells of the Spleen which destroy old RBC's, bacteria, and foreign particles. | Phagocytic Cells |
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teresachristensen
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