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Force Mass & Motion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| position | An object's location in space |
| motion | The change of an object's position over a specific amount of time |
| rate | Motion |
| linear motion | An object moving along a line |
| displacement | The distance an object moves in a specific direction |
| Scalar quantity | Another word for distance |
| Vector quantity | Another word for displacement |
| Velocity vs. speed | Time of motion |
| Speed formula | s = d/t |
| Units for speed | m/s |
| Instantaneous rate | Speed at one given time |
| Average rate | The average speed over a period of time |
| Velocity formula | v= đťš«x/đťš«t |
| Units for velocity | m/s |
| Uniform motion | Motion that has a constant rate |
| Delta | đťš« - means change in |
| Convenient scale | A universal unit of measurement used in physics |
| acceleration | The change in velocity over time, also when it is a positive number |
| deceleration | When acceleration is a negative number or when an object is decreasing speed |
| Acceleration formula | a = đťš«v/đťš«t |
| Units for acceleration | m/s² |
| force | A push or pull on matter |
| Newton’s first law of motion | An object at rest will remain at rest, while an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force |
| Law of Inertia | Another name for Newton’s first law of motion |
| inertia | The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion |
| Frictional forces | The forces going in the opposite direction of motion of an object. |
| Static friction | The force required to overcome the inertia of a stationary object |
| Kinetic friction | The force required to keep an object moving at a constant speed |
| Rolling friction | The force required to keep an object rolling at a constant speed |
| Newton’s second law of motion | The mass of an object multiplied by the acceleration of an object determines the force exerted by the object |
| Force formula | F = ma |
| Force units (give both) | Kilogram (kg) & m/s² |
| Newton’s third law of motion | For every force or action there is an equal and opposite force or reaction |
| Normal force | The force perpendicular to an object |
| Free body diagram | A diagram showing all of the forces acting on an object |
| Quantum mechanics | The physics of the smallest pieces of matter |
| Relativistic mechanics | The physics of motion at speeds near the speed of light |
| Energy units (give both) | Kilogram (kg) & m/s |
| Energy formula | E=mc² |
| The four fundamental forces | Gravitational force, electromagnetic force, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force |
| What does the universal law of gravity state? | Every object in the universe pulls on every other object. The more mass an object has, the greater its gravitational force. The greater the distance between two objects, the less attraction they have for each other. |
| Force of gravity formula | Fg=G x m1m2/r2 |
| Gravity units (give both) | Kilogram (kg) and meter |
| Inverse square law | Gravitational force increases with increased mass and decreased distance |
| weight | Measure of the force of gravity exerted on an object by the Earth |
| Free-fall acceleration | Acceleration due to gravity |
| Weight formula | W = mg |
| Weight units (give both) | m/s² and kilograms (kg) |
| Electromagnetic force | Causes static electricity and drives the flow of electric charge |
| nucleons | Protons and neutrons in a nucleus |
| Nuclear force | The force that holds protons and neutrons together in a nucleus |
| Strong nuclear force | Holds the atomic nuclei together |
| Weak nuclear force | Causes changes in the nucleus like radioactive decay and particularly beta delay |
| work | A force applied over a distance |
| Work formula | W = Fd |
| Work units (give both) | Newton (N) & meter |
| machine | A device that does work |
| Effort force | Force exerted by a person or machine to move an object |
| Resistance force | Force exerted by the object that opposes movement |
| Inclined plane | A ramp |
| fulcrum | The part of a lever that supports and distributes weight |
| lever | A simple machine used to move objects |
| Fixed pulley | A simple machine that is locked in place and changes the direction that you must lift to move an object |
| Movable pulley | A simple machine that works more efficiently than a fixed pulley. It moves along a rope, making it so you must only exert half the force to move an object |
| Mechanical advantage | When a machine is more efficient at doing something compared to something else |
| power | The rate at which energy is transferred |
| Power formula | P = W/t = Fd/t |
| Units for power | Watt (W) |
| efficiency | How easily power can be applied |
| Efficiency formula | Efficiency = P out/ P in X 100% |
Created by:
Aaron :]
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