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Force, Mass, Motion

Force, Mass, and Motion

TermDefinition
position The location of an object at any given time, usually on an axis.
motion The change in its position during a specific amount of time.
rate A change of something in a specific amount of time.
linear motion When objects move along lines.
displacement Distance and direction of an object's change in position from the starting point.
Scalar quantity The distance alone.
Vector quantity Displacement, must be described by both a magnitude and a direction.
Velocity vs. speed The time of motion.
Speed formula S = d/t
Units for speed m/s
Instantaneous rate The speedometer only gives the present speed, only gives information about exact points in time.
Average rate The average speed in an amount of time.
Velocity formula v=d/t
Units for velocity m/s
Uniform motion Motion that has a constant rate.
delta Triangular symbol; stands for "change in".
Convenient scale A scale that shows the velocity of an object
acceleration Change in velocity over time.
deceleration A decrease in speed as the body moves away from the starting point .
Acceleration formula Acceleration= final velocity-initial velocity/final time -initial time
Units for acceleration m/s2
force A push or pull of matter.
Newton’s first law of motion An object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by another force
Law of Inertia If a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force.
inertia The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion.
Frictional forces Interaction of an object with matter it is in contact with.
Static friction Force required to overcome inertia of a stationary object.
Kinetic friction Force required to keep an object moving at a constant speed.
Rolling friction Force required to keep an object rolling at constant speed.
Newton’s second law of motion Acceleration depends on the objects mass and on the netforce acting on the object." The more force the more acceleration!
Force formula F= m x a F= force m=mass of an object a=acceleration
Force units (give both) Kg and m/s2
Newton’s third law of motion For every action (force) in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Normal force A resistance force of matter interacting with matter.
Free body diagram Diagram of all the forces acting on an object.
Quantum mechanics Physics of the smallest pieces of matter.
Relativistic mechanics Explains the physics of motion at speeds near the speed of light.
Energy units (give both) Kg and m/s
Energy formula E = mc2
The four fundamental forces Strong force, Weak force, Electromagnetic force, Gravitational force
What does the universal law of gravity state? Any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other with a force varying directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them.
Force of gravity formula fg=g x m1m2/r2
Gravity units (give both) m/s2
Inverse square law The intensity of the radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance; the intensity of the light to an observer from a source is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the observer to the source.
weight The force acting on the object due to gravity.
Free-fall acceleration The acceleration produced when a body falls under the influence of the gravitational force of the earth alone.
Weight formula F = m × 9.8 m/s2, where F is the object's weight in Newtons (N) and m is the object's mass in kilograms.
Weight units (give both) Kilogram and Newtons (n)
Electromagnetic force The force exerted by the electromagnetic field.
nucleons Protons and neutrons are referred to as.
Nuclear force The forces that act between two or more nucleons.
Strong nuclear force The force that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus.
Weak nuclear force Responsible for the radioactive decay of certain nuclei.
work When force is applied over a distance.
Work formula W=Fs W= work F= force s= displacement
Work units (give both) Joule (J) Newton-Metre (N-m)
machine An object or mechanical device that receives an input amount of work and transfers the energy to an output amount of work.
Effort force The force used to move an object over a distance.
Resistance force The force which an effort force must overcome in order to do work on an object via a simple machine.
Inclined plane Simple machine consisting of a sloping surface, used for raising heavy bodies.
fulcrum The point on which a lever rests or is supported and on which it pivots.
lever Simple machine consisting of a beam or rigid rod pivoted at a fixed hinge, or fulcrum. A lever is a rigid body capable of rotating on a point on itself.
Fixed pulley A simple machine that uses a wheel with a groove in it and a rope that fits into the groove. The other end of the rope attaches to a load, or the object you're needing to move.
Movable pulley A pulley that is free to move up and down, and is attached to a ceiling or other object by two lengths of the same rope.
Mechanical advantage A measure of the ratio of output force to input force in a system, used to analyze the forces in simple machines like levers and pulleys.
power The amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time.
Power formula P= w/t
Units for power Watt, W
efficiency How good a device is at transferring energy input to useful energy output.
Efficiency formula output/input
Created by: shealyn
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