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1.11

Corticosteroids

TermDefinition
Adrenal(suprarenal) contains which two parts: 1. adrenal cortex 2. adrenal medulla
Adrenal cortex contains mineralocorticoids, the main one: aldosterone
Adrenal cortex contains glucocorticoids, the main one: cortisol (hydrocortisone)
Adrenal medulla secretes: epinephrine (85%) norepinephrine (15%)
The precursor for corticosteroid biosynthesis is: cholesterol
Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid) secreted when there is a decline in: blood volume or blood pressure
Aldosterone MOA: prompts kidney to reabsorb more sodium increases blood volume, CO and BP
DRUG: Fludrocortisone (FLUORINEF) synthetic mineralocorticoid has zero anti-inflammatory effects
DRUG: Fludrocortisone (FLUORINEF) is given as a replacement therapy for which disease? Addison's disease
Glucocorticoid: Cortisol is essential for life and helps with: stressful situations
Short-term stress (minutes) is corrected by: epinephrine/adrenaline
long-term stress (chronic) is corrected by: cortisol
Cortisol and stress: with stress, hypothalamus... sends CRH to anterior pituitary
specific actions of glucocorticoids on body: metabolic effects raises blood glucose, amino acids and triglyceride levels maintains homeostasis during stress
specific actions of glucocorticoids on body: catabolic effects break down effects in muscle
specific actions of glucocorticoids on body: maintenance effects maintenance of blood pressure and sodium retention normal erythropoiesis
glucocorticoids in large quantities: depresses immune and inflammatory response
specific actions of glucocorticoids on body: bone effects glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
specific actions of glucocorticoids on body: CNS effects brain excitability can lead to insomnia, euphoria, restlessness
glucocorticoids inhibit: phospholipase enzyme
corticosteroids DO NOT inhibit COX and LOX
Glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory action results in: anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects
Prolonged glucocorticoid therapy increases: risk of infection
Therapeutic uses of Glucocorticoid: (6) Asthma Dermatologic: Dermatitis, psoriasis inflammatory bowel: ulcerative colitis, crohn's disease allergic: rhinitis, contact dermatitis, hypersensitivity reactions autoimmune diseases anti-rejection (organ transplant)
Glucocorticoid is a replacement therapy for: adrenal insufficiency (plus add mineralocorticoid supplement)
Glucocorticoid ADRs adrenal suppression: affects cortisol levels (decrease)
Glucocorticoid counseling point: NEVER abruptly stop therapy after long-term use
Glucocorticoid ADRs (continued use of large doses) acne osteoporosis obesity diabetes mellitus bruises and dermal atrophy psychological: nervousness, insomnia gastric ulcerations edema, sodium retention, hypertension
Glucocorticoid's lowest potency: hydrocortisone, cortisone
Glucocorticoid's low potency: prednisone, prednisolone, desonide
Glucocorticoid's medium potency: methylprednisolone, triamcinolone
Glucocorticoid's high potency: betamethasone, dexamethasone, fluocinonide
Glucocorticoid's super high potency: Betamethasone dipropionate (DIPROLENE) clobetasol propionate (TEMOVATE, CORMAX) halobetasol propionate (ULTRAVATE)
DRUG: treatment of hyperaldosteronism: Metyrapone inhibit glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitor of 11-b-hydroxylase (CYP11B1)
DRUG: treatment of hyperaldosteronism: Ketoconazole (antifungal drug) inhibitor of CYP450s
Drug: treatment of hyperaldosteronism: Mifepristone (RU 486) inhibit glucocorticoid receptors
Created by: megangodfrey97
Popular Pharmacology sets

 

 



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