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Module 5
UNIT 1 The Scientific Method and Description
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| theory | an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. |
| hypothesis | a testable prdiction, often implied by a theory. |
| operational definition | a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study. For ex., human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures. |
| replication | repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding can be reproduced. |
| case study | a descriptive technique in which one individual or gorup is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. |
| naturalistic observation | a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation. |
| survey | a descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the gorup |
| sampling bias | a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample. |
| population | all those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn. (Note: Except for national studies, this does not refer to a country's whole population.) |
| random sample | a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion. |
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