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Module 60
UNIT 7 Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Theories
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personality | an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. |
| psychodynamic theories | theories that view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences. |
| psychoanalysis | Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. |
| unconscious | according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware. |
| free association | in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarassing. |
| id | a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. |
| ego | the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. operates on the reality principle, satisfying id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain. |
| superego | the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations. |
| psychosexual stages | the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones. |
| Oedipus complex | according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father. |
| identification | the process by which, according to Freud , children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos. |
| fixation | in psychoanalytic theory, according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved. |
| defense mechanisms | in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality. |
| repression | in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories. |
| projective test | a personality test, such as the Rorschach, that provides ambiguous images designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics. |
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes. |
| Rorschach inkblot test | the most widely used projective test; a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identity people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots. |
| terror-management theory | a theory of death-related anxiety; explores people's emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death. |
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