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Nutrition Chapter 5

TermDefinition
Proteins long chains of amino acids
Proteins contain... carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Protein is a primary source of... nitrogen
Proteins are made of... 20 different amino acids
Essential Amino Acids must be obtained from food
Nonessential Amino Acids can be made by the body
Structure of amino acid beings with a... central carbon atom
Central carbon atom is surrounded by a hydrogen atom, a acid group, a amine group, a side chain that is unique to each amino acid
Peptide bonds holds together amino acids to make proteins
Incomplete protein does not contain all essential amino acids, considered a low-quality protein, not sufficient for growth and health
Complete protein contains enough amounts of all nine essential amino acids, animal protein and soy protein, considered a high-quality protein
Mutual Supplementation using 2 incomplete proteins to make a complete protein
Complementary proteins 2 protein sources that together supply all 9 essential amino acids ex) beans and rice
Proteins can help maintain pH balance, the immune system, fluid and electrolyte balance
Edema fluid in the tissues
Protein transports... nutrients and other substances
Proteins contribute to... cell growth, repair, and maintenance
Digestion of Proteins begin in the... Stomach
Protein structure is broken down by... Hydrochloric acid
Pepsin activated by Hydrochloric acid, a enzyme that breaks down proteins into short polypeptides and amino acids
Digestion of proteins continues in the... small intestines
Proteases pancreatic enzymes that complete the digestion of proteins to single amino acids
Urea waste product of breakdown
Proper protein intake depends on... activity level, age, health status
People who require more protein include... children, adolescents, pregnant or lactating women, athletes
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) 0.8 G protein per kg body weight, 12-20% of total energy intake should be from protein
Marasmus a systemic disease characterized by grossly inadequate energy. especially protein sources
Kwashiorkor a systemic disease characterized by malnutrition and inadequate protein sources
Risks of too much protein are... cardiovascular disease, bone loss, kidney disease
Good sources of protein include... meats, dairy products, soy products, legumes, whole grains, nuts
Health benefits of Vegetarianism are... fewer intestinal problems and reduces risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, some types of cancer, kidney disease, kidney stones, gallstones
Challenges of Vegetarianism are... low in some vitamins and minerals
Vegetarians can use what as a protein source? soy products
Vegans need to supplement with... Vitamin B12-
Created by: jennalapage
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