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RADT413 head review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What bone articulates with all other cranial bones? | sphenoid |
| What bone is found on the left and right sides of the skull and form the lateral walls of the skull? | temporal bone |
| what is the posterior part of the cranium which includes the foramen magnum ? | occipital bone |
| what is the largest part of the brain? | cerebrum |
| what's the second biggest part of the brain? | cerebellum |
| what are the folds in the brain? | sulci |
| what are the buldges in the brain? | gyri |
| what does the white matter consist of? | myelinated neurons |
| where is MS found? | white matter |
| what is the best test done to see MS? | MRI |
| what does MS look like on MRI? | white spots on a flaire |
| what do you do after you see white dots on brain that could possibly be MS? | saggital MS brain. should see white mohawk |
| what's the frontal lobe responsible for? | thinking/planning; motor and voluntary muscle control |
| what's the parietal lobe responsible for? | movement, touch, recognition; sensory |
| when is the frontal lobe fully developed? | early 20's |
| what can midline shift cause? | seizures |
| what is atrophy? | dying of cells |
| why is looking at white matter vs gray matter important? | some diseases only exist in white matter |
| what's the best test for seizures? | MRI |
| what does brain atrophy localized to a certain part of the brain mean? | there is possibly dementia, stroke, alzheimer's, MS or seizure |
| which part of the brain has tonsils? | cerebellum |
| what is hydrosyringomyelia? and what is it caused by? | fluid on the spinal cord; trauma, mass, or idiopathic |
| what shape do you want the cerebellar tonsils? | round |
| what is the corpus callosum? | allows exchange of info across hemispheres |
| what are the different parts of the corpus callosum | genu, body, splenium |
| what is it called when someone doesn't have their corpus callosum? | partial or whole agenesis |
| what's the pineal body responsible for? | secretes melatonin; regulates day/night time and becomes calcified after puberty |
| what's the thalamus do? | relay station |
| where's the thalamus found? | 3rd ventricle; lateral to midline and superior to hypothalamus |
| what's the hypothalamus do? | maintains homeostasis |
| in what plane is it easy to see the hypothalamus | saggital |
| in what plane do you see the corpous callosum? | midsaggital |
| what is the bridge between the midbrain and medulla oblongata? | brain stem |
| what does the medulla oblongata do? | controls breathing, heart contractions, artery dilations, vomiting |
| what does the basal ganglia do? | contributes to the planning of muscle action and movement |
| on a chronic subdural hematoma, if the blood is bright it's __ and if it;s dark it's __ | acute; chronic |
| a chronic subdural hematoma can reoccur due to ___ | trauma |
| what's the second most dangerous bleed? | epidural bleed |
| what is an epidural bleed? | a bleed that does NOT cross suture lines and created lots of pressure and has a convex shape |
| what is the calvarium | is directly below where the skull line is at |
| what is the dura mater? | outermost layer |
| what is a subdural hematoma? | happens in the subdural space; crosses suture lines but NOT hemispheres |
| what is the arachnoid space | middle layer |
| what is the most dangerous type of brain bleed | sabarachnoid bleed |
| what's the most common cause of a subarachnoid bleed | aneurysm |
| what is the pia mater? | innermost layer |
| _____ of ____ /______ _____ joins the lateral ventricles with the 3rd ventricle | foramen of monro/ interventricular |
| ventricles get ____ with age | thicker |
| _____ of ____ / ______ _____ transmits CSF from lateral and 3rd ventricles to 4th ventricle | aqueduct of sylvius / cerebral aqueduct |
| where is the 4th ventricle found? | cerebellum |
| where is the landmark for a CT head | OML |
| _mm - _mm slice thickness form foramen magnum to vertex | 5mm-10mm |
| how to tell if it's an MRI or CT image | you can see cortical bone on an MRI |
| what imaging sequences do we do on an MR head | t1 saggital, T1,T2, flaire, diffusion axials; t1 or t2 coronals |
| what do we see on an image for a metastatic lesion? | a cyst with swelling, midline shift. on an image with contrast, there'll be a white ring around cyst |
| what to look for on image for meningitis | fuzziness of meninges on outside of the head |
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Proviabi0
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