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Intro to Psych
exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Psychology | is the scientific study of behavior & mental processes |
| Goals of psychology | -To describe behavior -To explain behavior -To predict behavior -To control or change behavior |
| Wilhelm Wundt | father of psychology |
| First psychology experiment | conducted the time reaction of dropping a ball and seeing how fast recipients responded |
| Willam James | functionalism |
| Sigmund Freud | Psychodynamic Theory |
| Behaviorism | our behavior is observable and measurable |
| John B Watson | believed everything we do is based of experiences |
| Humanistic psychology by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers | we have free will to live more creative, meaningful, and satisfying lives |
| Carl Rogers | self centered therapy |
| Abraham Maslow | studied individuals of exceptional health |
| Structuralists | study of consciousness through examining the structures/elements |
| Functionalists | what is the function of consciousness |
| Cognitive psychology | how our brains processes information influences how we behave |
| Biological psychology | Examining the underlying biochemical and bodily structures of behavior |
| Francis Cecil Sumner (1895-1954) | First African American to receive a PhD in psychology for his work on psychoanalysis |
| Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930) | Completed requirements of PhD, never award one |
| Margaret Washburn (1871-1939) | First woman awarded a doctorate in psychology |
| Inez Beverly Prosser (1895-1934) | First african american woman to receive doctorate in psychology from the University of Cincinnati in 1933 |
| Martin Seligman | positive psychology |
| Ivan Pavlov (1906) | discovery of conditioning principles (conditioned vs unconditioned) |
| Taste aversion | The types of stimuli used as conditioned and unconditioned stimuli matter |
| thorndike's law of effect | If response in presence of stimuli leads to satisfying effects then the association between the stimulus and response is strengthened |
| Sensory memory | Holds large amounts of incoming information for a very short period of time |
| Representation of memory | mental model of bit of information that exists even when information is no longer available |
| Working memory | Actively manipulates information Allows for multiple, simultaneous processes |
| Declarative memory | general knowledge and facts |
| Autobiographical memory | How you interpret old stories with your siblings |
| Episodic | How you felt emotionally, visual cues |
| Procedural memory | Memories for how to carry out motor skills and procedures, especially difficult to describe in words |
| Priming | Change in our response to a stimulus due to pre-exposure to related stimuli |
| Cerebral cortex | largest area of your brain |
| Cerebellum | Significant for mood within an individual |
| Prefrontal cortex | cognitive control functions |
| hippocampus | role in learning and memory |
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