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The nurse is caring for a patient with a genetic disease that is transmitted through autosomal recessive inheritance. Which is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
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Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to:
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Pathophys Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The nurse is caring for a patient with a genetic disease that is transmitted through autosomal recessive inheritance. Which is the most likely diagnosis for this patient? | Cystic Fibrosis |
| Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to: | protect cells from injury |
| If a patient has liquefactive necrosis, which organ should the nurse assess first? | Brain |
| The nurse in the genetics clinic is describing a genetic disease that leads to progressive dementia in middle to later adulthood. To which disease is the nurse most likely referring? | Huntington disease |
| The triplet of base pairs necessary to code for a specific amino acid is called a: | codon |
| The outward manifestation of a disease, often influenced by both genes and the environment, is called the disease: | phenotype |
| The condition that occurs when a zygote is missing in each cell is referred to as: | a "monosomy" |
| The process by which RNA is formed from DNA for protein synthesis as: | transcription |
| The somatic cell that contains a multiple of 23 chromosomes is called: | an euploid cell |
| Which is the chief function of ribosomes? | protein synthesis |
| A disease that results in the accumulation of lipids in the nerve cells of the brain: | Tay-Sachs disease |
| Cellular atrophy is: | a decrease in cell size |
| The process by which cells program themselves to die: | Apoptosis |
| Which causes metaplasia in humans? | cell injury from noxious stimuli |
| The postmortem decrease in a patient's body temperature will be documented as: | algor mortis |
| Dysplasia is characterized by abnormal changes in: | cell secretions |
| Clastogens are agents that cause: | chromosomal breakage |
| Which organ is most frequently affected by chronic alcohol (ethanol) injury? | Liver |
| The nurse documents "tattooing and stippling" in a trauma patient. Which type of injury does this patient have? | gunshot wounds |
| When a patient has an extreme laceration (laceration with a flap), which medical term should the nurse document on the chart? | an avulsion |
| A patient with a combined immune deficiency lacks: | T and B lymphocytes |
| When assessing a patient with SLE, you should expect to identify: | arthralgia, anemia, and rash |
| Your patient is having a reaction to a bee sting. Which type of hypersensitivity are they displaying? | Type 1 |
| The major phagocytic cells in inflammation are: | neutrophils and macrophages |
| What is the role of plasmin in the inflammatory response cycle? | It controls clotting by breaking down fibrin |
| Among the many innate defenses the body has to pathogens, the first line of defense is the: | skin and mucous membranes |
| Which substance is released during a viral infection and signals neighboring cells to enhance viral defenses? | Interferon |
| What term is used to describe the process of endocytosis? | Engulfment |
| DiGeorge syndrome is characterized by absence or underdevelopment of which organ? | Thymus |
| You are planning a community teaching event about systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To which population should your teaching b e primarily targeted? | Women, 20-40 years old |
| Most commonly reported symptom associated with cancer is: | Fatigue |
| The retinoblastoma gene is what type of gene? | A tumor-suppressor gene |
| A process in which a piece of one chromosome is moved to another chromosome: | Translocation |
| What term is used to describe cancer that extends to organs or tissues distant from the site of origin? | Metastasis |
| What is the leading cause of death in developed countries? | Cancer |
| What would you expect to occur when a patient's cancer is caused by mutations of a proto-oncogene? | Increased cell division |
| A patient is experiencing leukopenia from cancer and chemotherapy treatment. Which condition should you assess for in this patient? | Infection |
| Malignant tumors have a tendency to: | invade surrounding tissues; they also grow rapidly and have a tendency to metastasize |
| For metastasis to occur, tumor cells must be capable of: | surviving in the bloodstream |
| What is the primary cause of cervical cancer? | Human papilloma virus |
| The development of sensory and motor symptoms in multiple sclerosis is caused by: | immunologic and inflammatory demyelination of central nervous system neurons |
| Subdural hematomas: | bleeding between the dura mater and the brain |
| Autonomic hyperreflexia is caused by: | stimulation of sensory/pain receptors below the level of the spinal cord lesion |
| What usually causes encephalitis? | a viral infection |
| Most forms of focal brain injury are associated with increased: | brain swelling |
| ALS is caused by: | degeneration of lower and upper motor neurons |
| A patient has a spinal cord tumor that originated within the neural tissues. What type of tumor is this called? | Intramedullary |
| A sign associated with classic cerebral concussion is: | loss of consciousness |
| Your patient has Guillain-Barre. During the health history you should ask about a history of: | respiratory or gastrointestinal viral infections |
| Cerebral thrombosis develops most often from: | atherosclerosis and inflammatory disease processes (arteritis) |
| Which intervertebral disks should the nurse assess first for herniation? | L4-S1 |
| Your patient's forehead hit the steering wheel during a motor vehicle accident. Which part of the brain received the coup injury? | Frontal |
| Your patient has a brief episode of neurological deficits that resolves within 12 hours with a return to normal functioning. What diagnosis should you document on the chart? | transient ischemic attack |
| What type of injury will the nurse prepare to care for when a patient has a diffuse brain injury? | concussion |
| A patient has a recent spinal cord injury. Which term should the nurse use to describe the loss of reflex function below the level of injury/lesion? | spinal shock |
| Your patient with HIV has painful burning dysesthesias and paresthesias, especially in the extremities. What condition will you document in the chart? | HIV neuropathy |
| During your assessment of a patient with meningitis, you want to test for nuchal rigidity. Which test will you implement? | Kernig |
| During a myasthenic or cholinergic crisis, a patient is in danger of: | respiratory arrest |
| Irritative syndromes involve: | compressive symptoms plus radicular pain and paresthesias |
| A herniated disk allows the gelatinous material (the nucleus pulposus) to: | extrude and compress the nerve root |
| The eukaryotic cell consists of three general components: | the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles |
| Genes, the basic units of inheritance, are composed of: | deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
| An inherited alteration of genetic material is called: | a mutation |
| The reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type is called: | metaplasia |
| A problem of fluid distribution that results in accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces: | edema |
| Waterbalance is regulated by: | sensation of thirst and by antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
| What is regulated by the kidney, by aldosterone and insulin secretion, and by changed in pH? | potassium balance |
| The second line of defense is: | the inflammatory response |
| What are molecules that bind and react with components of the immune response, such as antibodies and receptors on B and T cells? | antigens |
| What enters host cells and uses the metabolic processes of host cells to proliferate and cause disease? | viruses |
| A propensity to unusual or recurrent severe infections is a clinical hallmark of: | immunodeficiency i |
| A patient with a combined immune deficiency lacks: | T and B lymphocytes |
| Among the many innate defenses the body has to pathogens, the first line of defense is the: | skin and mucous membranes |
| If a patient has liquefactive necrosis, which organ should the nurse assess first? | Brain |
| The outward manifestation of a disease, often influenced by both genes and the environment, is called, the disease: | phenotype |
| Cellular atrophy is: | a decrease in cell size |
| Process by which cells program themselves to die: | Apoptosis |
| Most commonly reported symptom associated with cancer is: | fatigue |
| What term is used to describe cancer that extends to organs or tissues distant from the site of origin? | Metastasis |
| For metastasis to occur, tumor cells must be capable of: | surviving in the bloodstream |
| A patient is experiencing leukopenia from cancer and chemotherapy treatment. which condition should you assess for in this patient? | Infection |
| During a myasthenic or cholinergic crisis, a patient is in danger of: | respiratory arrest |
| A herniated disk allows the gelatinous material (the nucleus pulposus) to: | extrude and compress the nerve root |
| During your assessment of a patient which meningitis, you want to test for nuchal rigidity. Which test will you implement? | Kernig |
| Term used to describe the loss of reflex function below the level of injury/lesion? | spinal shock |
| The eukaryotic cell consists of three general components: | the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles. |
| Genes, the basic units of inheritance, are composed of: | DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) |
| An inherited alteration of genetic material is called: | a mutation |
| The reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type is called: | metaplasia |
| A problem of fluid distribution that results in accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces: | edema |
| Waterbalance is regulated by: | sensation of thirst by ADH (antidiuretic hormone) |
| What is regulated by the kidney, by aldosterone and insulin secretion, and by changes in pH? | potassium balance |
| The second line of defense is: | the inflammatory response |
| What are molecules that bind and react with components of the immune response, such as antibodies and receptors on B and T cells? | anitgens |
| What enters host cells and uses the metabolic processes of host cells to proliferate and cause disease? | viruses |
| A propensity to unusual or recurrent severe infections is a clinical hallmark of: | immunodeficiency |
Created by:
jerawson16