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Stress
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| stress | a response elicited when a situation overwhelms a person’s perceived ability to meet the demands of the situation |
| Stressors | events that trigger a stress response |
| Primary appraisal | a quick assessment of the meaning of a given environmental event for the individual |
| Secondary appraisal | self-assessment of the resources available to cope with stress |
| Neuroendocrine system | the hormonal systems involved in emotions and stress |
| Glucocorticoids | hormones responsible for maintaining the activation of physiological systems during emergencies |
| Adrenal-medullary system | a major neuroendocrine pathway stimulated during stress, in which the hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system |
| Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis | a major neuroendocrine pathway relevant to the stress response involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal cortex |
| General adaptation syndrome (GAS) | as defined by Hans Sely, a generalized, nonspecific set of changes in the body that occur during extreme stress |
| Alarm stage | The phase of general adaptation syndrome in which all the body’s resources respond to a perceived threat |
| Resistance stage | in the general adaptation syndrome, extended effort by the body to deal with a threat |
| Exhaustion stage | the phase of the general adaptation syndrome when all resources for fighting the threat have been depleted and illness is more likely |
| Allostasis | the process by which the body achieves stability through physiological change |
| Coping | the act of dealing with stress or emotions |
| Problem-focused coping | a way of dealing with stress that aims to change the situation that is creating stress |
| Emotion-focused coping | a way of dealing with stress that aims to decrease the feeling of distress |
| Emotional disclosure | a way of coping with stress by writing or talking about the situation |
| Psychosomatic theory | the idea that emotional factors can lead to the occurrence or worsening of illness |
| Health psychology | the study of the role of psychological factors play in regard to health and illness |
| Physiological reactivity approach | an explanation for the causal role of stress-related bodily changes in illness |
| Health behavior approach | an explanation of illness or health that focuses on the role of behaviors such as diet, exercise, and substance abuse |
| Cardiovascular system | the heart, the blood, and all the blood vessels |
| Antigen | any foreign substance that triggers an immune response |
| Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) | the science of how psychological factors relate to changes in the immune system |
| Natural immunity | the form of immunity that is the first response to antigens |
| Acquired immunity | immunity provided by antibodies produced in the body in response to specific antigens |
| Cellular immunity | the immune response that occurs when T lymphocytes (T cells) fight antigens |
| Type A behavior pattern (TABP) | a way of responding to challenge or stress, characterized by hostility, impatience, competitiveness, and time urgency |
| Cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) model | the hypothesis that hostility can increase the likelihood of heart disease through at least two different causal routes |
| Microbiome | the environment of trillions of various microorganisms living with our bodies, which perform important metabolic and physiological functions |
| Gut-brain axis | the bi-directional pathway between the intestines and central nervous system, by which changes in the intestinal environment affect the brain and vice versa |
| Metabolic syndrome | a group of factors related to body composition, weight, and diet that increase risk of stroke, diabetes and heart disease |
Created by:
LE0N*
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