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chapter11
def chap 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| agonists | drugs that activate receptors to accelerate or slow normal cellular function |
| antagonists | drugs that bind with receptors but do not activate them. they block receptors action by preventing other drugs or substances from activating them |
| receptor | the cellular material located at the site of action that interacts with the drug |
| selective (action) | the characteristic of a drug that makes its action specific to certain receptors and tissues |
| site of action | the location where an administered drug produces an effect |
| duration of action | the time drug concentration is above the MEC |
| minimum effective concentration (MEC) | the blood concentration needed for a drug to produce a response |
| minimum toxic concentration (MTC) | the upper limit of the therapeutic window. Drug concentrations above the MTC increase the risk of undesired effects |
| onset of action | the time MEC is reached and the response occurs |
| therapeutic window | a drugs blood concentration range between its MEC and MTC |
| active transport | the movement of drugs from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration: cellular energy is required |
| disposition | a term sometimes used to refer to all of the ADME processes together |
| elimination | the processes of metabolism and excretion |
| hydrophilic | capable of associating with or absorbing water |
| hydrophobic | water repelling: cannot associate with water |
| lipoidal | fat-like or lipid-loving |
| passive diffusion | the movement of drugs from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration |
| absorption | the movement of a drug from the dosage formulation into the blood |
| enzyme | a complex protein that catalyzes chemical reaction |
| gastric emptying time | the time a drug stays in the stomach before it is emptied into the small intestine |
| complexation | when different molecules associate or attach to each other |
| protein binding | the attachment of a drug molecule to a plasma or tissue protein effectively making the drug inactive, but also keeping it within the body |
| enterohepatic cycling | the transfer of drugs and their metabolites from the liver to the bile in the gallbladder, then into the intestine, and then back into circulation |
| enzyme induction | the increase in hepatic enzyme activity that results in greater metabolism of drugs |
| first-pass metabolism | substantial degradation of an orally administered drug caused by liver enzyme metabolism before the drug reaches the systemic circulation |
| metabolite | the substance resulting from the bodys transformation of an administered drug |
| glomerular filtration | the blood filtering process of the nephron |
| nephron | the functional unit of the kidneys |
| absolute bioavailability | the bioavailability of a drug product compared to the same drug in a rapidly administered IV solution |
| bioavailability | the amount of an administered dose that reaches the general circulation and the rate at which this occurs |
| relative bioavailability | the bioavailability of a drug product compared to the same drug in any other dosage form than a rapidly administered IV solution |
| bioequivalency | the comparison of bioavailability between two dosage forms |
| pharmaceutical alternative | drug products that contain the same active ingredient, but not necessarily in the same salt form, amount or dosage form |
| pharmaceutical equivalent | drug products that contain identical amounts of the same active ingredient in the same dosage form |
| therapeutic equivalent | pharmaceutical equivalents that produce the same effects in patients |
Created by:
laylaoxendine
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