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Psych Vocab #2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Association Areas | Areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in such mental operations as thinking, memory, learning, and problem solving |
| Autonomic Nervous System | The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that regulates body functions, such as respiration and digestion |
| Axon | The long tubelike structure attached to a neuron that transmits impulses away from the neuron cell body |
| Axon Terminals | Small fibers branching out from an axon |
| Cell Body | The part of a neuron that produces the energy needed for the activity of the cell |
| Central Nervous System | The part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord |
| Cerebellum | The area of the brain that is responsible for voluntary movement and balance |
| Cerebral Cortex | The bumpy, convoluted surface of the brain; the body's control and information - processing center |
| Cerebrum | The large mass of the forebrain, consisting of two hemispheres |
| Chromosomes | A microscopic threadlike structure in the nucleus of every living cell; it contains genes, the basic units of heredity |
| Corpus Callosum | The nerve fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex |
| Dendrites | The branchlike extensions of a neuron that receive impulses and conduct them towards the cell body |
| Endocrine System | The glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream |
| Genes | The basic building blocks of heredity |
| Heredity | The genetic transmission of traits from one generation to the next |
| Hormones | Chemicals produced by the endocrine glands that regulate specific body functions |
| Hypothalamus | The neural structure located below the thalamus that controls temperature, hunger, thirst, and various aspects of emotion |
| Limbic System | A group of neural structures at the base of the cerebral hemispheres that is associated with emotion and motivation |
| Medulla | A structure at the base of the brain stem that controls vital functions such as heartbeat and breathing |
| Myelin | A white, fatty substance that insulates axons and enables rapid transmission of neural impulses |
| Neurons | A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system |
| Neurotransmitters | A chemical messenger that carries impulses across the synaptic gaps between neurons |
| Peripheral Nervous System | The neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body, including the muscles and glands |
| Pons | A brain structure located at the top of the brain stem that is involved in respiration, movement, and sleep |
| Reticular Activating System | The part of the brain that is involved in attention, sleep, and arousal |
| Somatic Nervous System | The division of the peripheral nervous system that connects the central nervous system with sensory receptors, muscles, and the skin |
| Spinal Cord | A column of nerves within the spine that transmit messages to and from the brain |
| Synapse | The junction between the axon terminals of the sending neuron and the dendrites of the receiving neuron |
| Thalamus | The structure of the brain that relays messages from the sense organs to the cerebral cortex |
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