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chpt 7 hist Romans
Term | Definition |
---|---|
"bread and circuses" | food and entertainment |
colosseum | place where events and festivals are held |
consul | chief executive officer of Roman republic; 2 elected each year to run gov and lead army |
dictator | absolute ruler |
imperator | commander in chief; latin origin = emperor |
insulae | roman apartment blocks constructed of concrete w/ wooden beam floors |
paterfamilias | dominant male head of household, included wife, sons & wives & children, unmarried daughter, slaves |
patrician | social class of wealthy/powerful landowners, formed ruling class in roman republic |
pax romana | period of peace and prosperity |
plebian | social class of minor landholders, crafts ppl, merchants, and small farmers |
punic wars | conflict as Rome expanded war between Rome and carthage |
republic | form of gov in which leader isn't a king & certain citizens get right to vote |
triumvirate | gov by 3 ppl w/ equal power |
twelve tables | system of law; 450 b.c., product of simple farming society; less sophisticated civil law |
Where was rome founded and how did geography influence its development? | Palatine hill - crossing for trade peninsula mts. - dividing Italy 7 hills - easy to defend tiber r. - connected to sea, far enough inland to stay safe from pirates |
which groups of ppl influences the early development of Rome from small village to major city? | Latins, Greeks, Etruscans |
which group of Romans compromised the Roman senate? | 300 Patricians |
how was roman religion practiced & what were their attitudes towards other religions? | Practiced - proper rituals Tolerant of other religions |
who composed both the first and second triumvirates? | First - crassus, pompey, julius Second - octavian, antony, lepidus |
caesar's grand nephew, in second triumvirate made imperator, brought peace to yrs of civil wars | augustus/octavian |
1st triumvirate, killed in battle | crassus |
carthages most successful military commander rampaged Italy brought rome to brink of defeat | hannibal |
dictator, 1st triumvirate, killed | julius caesar |
2nd triumvirate, killed | lepidus |
2nd triumvirate, suicide | marc antony |
military leader paid soldiers, dictator 4 times | marius |
1st triumvirate | pompey |
defeats hannibal | scipio africanus |
gladiator led slave revolt, defeated many armies; crucified | spartacus |
order of 5 " julian" emperors | augustus, tiberius, caligula, claudius, nero |
sequence of events | hannibal crosses the alps/attacks italy scipio africanus attacks carthage octavian vs antony (civil war) 5 julian emperors pax romana |