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Physical Development
VIII: Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Baby's length at the end of the first year | 50% greater in length than birth |
| Baby's length at 2 years | 75% greater in length than in birth |
| Baby's weight at 4 months | birth weight doubled |
| Baby's weight at 1 year | birth weight tripled |
| Baby's weight at 2 years | birth weight quadrupled |
| Cephalocaudal Pattern | refers to the principle that growth proceeds from the head downward; vertical growth |
| Proximodistal Pattern | refers to the principle that growth and development proceed from the center of the body outwards; horizontal growth |
| Benefits of Breastfeeding | Mom's antibodies can be passed to baby, bonding time with baby, lower rates of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, depression, arthritis, & cancer (mom), tailored nutrition, infants tend to experience lower rates of allergies and GI systems |
| Complementary Food | also called "solid food", usually a vitamin and iron fortified baby cereal mixed with breastmilk or formula. Eventually, baby's diets will reduce the amount of milk consumed and include other pureed foods such as fruits, vegetables, and meat |
| Leading Causes of Infant Mortality | birth defects, low birthweight, respiratory distress, SIDS |
| Growth Stunting | a reduced growth rate; currently at 25% globally |
| Growth Faltering | a condition in which children's growth and weight are substantially lower than other children their age (below 5th percentile) |
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) | the diagnostic term used to describe the sudden, unexpected death of an infant less than 1 year of age that occurs seemingly during sleep and remains unexplained after a thorough investigation |
| Neuron | specialized cells that communicate with one another to make it possible for people to sense the world, think, move their bodies, and carry out their lives |
| Dendrites | branching receptors that receive chemical messages (called neurotransmitters) from other neurons that are translated into an electrical signal |
| Axon | a long tube-like structure that extends from the neuron and carries electrical signals to other neurons |
| Synapses | gaps between neurons; neurotransmitters cross between these to communicate with the dendrites of another neuron |
| Synaptogenesis | dendrites grow, branch out, and increase synapses with other neurons |
| Face Perception: | newborns prefer to look at faces and this preference increases with age; it's influenced by experiences with faces |
| Hearing | most well-developed sense at birth; capacity develops in utero |
| Touch | this sense is used to learn about the world and can reduce stress |
| Intermodal Perception | the process of combining information from more than one sensory system ex.) Newborns turn their heads and eyes in the direction of a sound source |
| Sucking Reflex | babies will suck on objects placed into the mouth |
| Rooting Reflex | babies will turn their heads and tongue towards a stimulus when their cheek is touched |
| Moro (Startle) Reflex | babies will have a startled reaction to loud noises or sudden changes in the position of their head |
| Gross Motor Development | the ability to control the large movements of the body, actions that help us move around in our environment |
| Fine Motor Development | the ability to control small movements of the fingers such as reaching and grasping |
Created by:
serenakellie
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