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Pharmacology Wk 2
Week 2 of Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the main purpose of the parathyroid? | To regulate blood calcium level |
| What is the function the hormone/s and when is it released (parathyroid)? | PTH is released when blood calcium levels are too low |
| Define hypocalcemia. | Low blood calcium level |
| Define hypercalcemia. | High calcium level |
| Define bone deposition. | Happens when calcitonin is released from the thyroid; calcium leaves the blood and is stored in the bones |
| Define hyperparathyroidism. | Too much PTH being released |
| **Define osteoporosis. | A condition that results in brittle weak bones due to lack of calcium |
| Name some possible treatments for Osteoporosis. | Biphosphonates, calcium supplements, HRT, Weight bearing exercise |
| What are some symptoms of hypocalcemia? | Parathesia, muscle spasms, seizures, hypotension, dry skin |
| What is the main purpose of the pancreas? | To regulate blood sugar levels |
| What hormones are secreted from the pancreas? | Insulin, Glucagon, Somatostatin |
| What is the function of each hormone and when are they released from the pancreas? | Insulin lowers blood sugar levels, Glucagon increases blood sugar levels, Somatostain inhibits the 2 hormones |
| From what type of cells are each hormone produced (pancreas)? | Alpha-Glucagon ; Beta-Insulin |
| Define hyperglycemia. | Too high blood sugar |
| *Define hypoglycemia. | Too low blood sugar |
| What is Type I diabetes? | Insulin dependant; the beta cells do not secrete insulin |
| What is Type II diabetes? | Non-Insulin dependant ; the beta cells either do not secrete enough insulin, or the body cells are not receptive |
| *What are some symptoms of diabetes? | Dehydrated, always hungry, frequent urination and infections, fatigue, weight loss |
| Define glycosuria | Too much sugar in the urine |
| Define polyuria. | Frequent urination |
| Define polydipsia. | Frequent thirst |
| Define polyphagia. | Excessive overeating |
| Define neuropathy. | Tingling/Numbness of the hands and feet |
| What is ketoacidosis? Which type of diabetes patient is more prone to developing this? | The body starts metabolising proteins and fat instead of sugar for energy. Type 1 |
| What conditions affecting blood sugars could a pregnant woman develop? | Gestational Diabetes |
| What is the blood glucose level of a normal person? | Low to mid 100's |
| What are some long term complications of poorly controlled diabetes? | Atherosclerosis, kidney problems, blindness, glaucoma, neuropathy |
| Which type of diabetes is considered to be insulin dependant? | Type 1 |
| What medications are used for Type II diabetes? | Oral antidiabetics |
| Which insulin/s is rapid acting? | Humalog, Humulin-R |
| What hormone can inhibit the release of insulin and glucagon from the pancreas? | Somatostatin |
| What hormone released by the adrenal cortex can increase blood sugar concentration? | Cortisol |
| Oral hypoglycemic drugs: Would they be helpful for a patient with Type I diabetes? Why or why not? | Antidiabetics increase sensitivity and production of insulin from beta cells; Type-1 diabetics do not produce any insulin |
| What hormone/s are secreted from the parathyroid? | PTH |
Created by:
mrsbcni
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