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Chapter 12: Dynamics
This is a review over chapter 12 in the Physical Science 6th edition textbook.
| Question/Term | Answer/definition |
|---|---|
| define force | a push or pull on an object |
| Define Dynamics | the branch of physics that studies forces and how they can change an object's motion |
| What is the Unit of force? | A newton |
| Define contact force | a force that acts only when one object touches another |
| Define Field force | a force that acts between objects that are not touching |
| Define balanced force | multiple, simultaneous forces whose pushes and pulls cancel each other out (Think of tug-of-war) |
| The result of unbalanced forces on a system is: | an acceleration |
| Define free-body-diagram | a representation of the object and the forces acting on it as vectors. |
| How are vectors represented on a free-body-diagram? | arrows; the magnitude is represented by the length and direction of an arrow |
| Define inertia | the tendency of matter to resist change in its motion |
| Who was the first person to have rigorously tested ideas about motion? | Galileo |
| Why did Galileo never settle on an explanation for how forces cause changes in motion? | He lacked the right technology |
| Who created the three laws of Motion? | Isaac Newton |
| what is the first law of motion? | Law of interia |
| State the law of inertia: | Objects at rest remain at rest, and objects in motion continue ni a straight line at a constant velocity (speed and direction) unless acted on by a net external force. |
| what is the second law of motion? | Law of Acceleration |
| State the law of acceleration: | the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object and is inversely proportional to its mass |
| State the formula of acceleration: | a = F/m or F=m·a |
| What is the third law of motion? | Law of action-reaction |
| State the law of action-reaction: | For every action force, there is an equal and oppisite reaction force. |
| Define tension | a pulling force that is transmitted through a rope, chain, or similar object. |
| Define normal force | the upward force that acts in a direction that is perpendicular to the surface where two objects make contact. (Think of a seesaw |
| Define gravity | A field force that acts between any two objects |
| Sate the gravitational force | F = Gm1m2/r2 |
| What is the acceleration due to gravity on earth? | 9.81m/s^2 |
| state the weight formula | W=mg |
| Define friction | a contact force that works against the motion of objects moving past each other. |
| Define static friction | the friction that exists between two objects that are attempting to move but are not yet in motion relative to each other. |
| Define sliding friction | the friction that exists when two objects are in motion relative to each other, and it always less than the static friction that exists when the objects aren't moving. |
| Define rolling friction | the friction force that is reduced by the rolling of wheels. |
| Define centripetal force | a force that accelerates an object toward the center of a circular motion. |
| Define fundamental forces | the forces that appear to underlie all the other known forces in nature |
Created by:
hihello2007
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