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Modules 45-48

QuestionAnswer
developmental psychology a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
embryo the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking
fetus the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth
habituation decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation
teratogens agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
zygote the fertilized egg; it enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo
maturation biological growth process that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience
childhood/infantile amnesia the absence of conscious memories of events occurring before about age 3.5, in part because major brain areas have not yet matured
accomodation in developmental psychology, adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information
assimilation interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
autism spectrum disorder (ASD) a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors
cognition all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
concrete operational stage in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about (6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
conservation the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
egocentrism in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view
formal operational stage in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
object permanence the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
preoperational stage in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete knowledge
schema a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
sensorimotor stage the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
theory of mind people's ideas about their own and other's mental states --- about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict
attachment an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation
basic trust according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers
critical period an optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development
imprinting the process by which certain animals form strong attachments during an early life critical period
self-concept all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"
stranger anxiety the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age
temperament a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Created by: margaret_05
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