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Basic Issues in HD

II: Basic Issues in Lifespan Human Development

TermDefinition
Paul Baltes attributed to the propositions of lifespan development; influence the way we currently think of human development
Development Is Multidimensional, Multidirectional, Plastic, Influenced by Multiple Contexts, Multidisciplinary,
Biological Dimensions an example of this is puberty
Cognitive Dimensions examples of this are the acquisition of object permeance, memory, and language
Socioemotional Dimensions examples of this are understanding social cures from other people, hierarchies/social structure, and stress management
Gains dimensions increasing in growth ex.) Height, knowledge, physical physique
Losses dimensions decreasing in growth ex.) Elasticity in the skin, memory, loss of pigmentation in hair
Plastic (Plasticity) malleable/changeable; this nature of human development allows people to modify their traits, capacities, and behavior throughout life
Resilience the capacity to adapt effectively to adverse contexts and circumstances; manage your personal energy, shift your lenses, and find your sense of purpose
Context when and where a person develops
Sociohistorical Context normative age graded, normative history graded, and nonnormative life events
Normative Age Graded occurs in a similar way to most people of a particular age group ex.) In the US, people gain the right to vote when they turn 18
Normative History Graded occurs in a similar way to most people in a particular cohort or generation (events) ex.) Covid for Gen Z and 9/11 for those affected by the attack
Nonnormative Life Events unusual events that impact people's lives ex.) Medical Crisis (children who lose a parent or parents who lose a child
Culture a set of customs, knowledge, attitudes, and values shared by members of a group
Cross-Culture Research comparing different cultures to each other; assumption of homogeneity within societies
WEIRD Samples Western, educated, industrialized rich, democratic; 12% of the population is being represented in 85% of research done in this area
Culture Research how culture itself influences development; permits examination of heterogeneity within societies
Prenatal Period time from conception to birth (approximately 9 month period); from a single cell to a complete organism
Early Childhood end of infancy to about 5-6 years, often called the "preschool years" learn to become more self-sufficient, develop school readiness skills, spend many hours playing with peers
Middle and Late Childhood 6-11 years of age, elementary school years, fundamental skills of reading, writing and arithmetic are mastered, child is formally exposed to the larger world and its culture
Adolescence transition from childhood to early adulthood, entered at around 10-12 years, ending at 18-22 years, begins with puberty, pursuit of independence and identity, thought is now more logical, abstract, and idealistic
Early Adulthood beginning in the late teens or early twenties, lasting through the 30s, establishing personal and economic independence, career development, early adults select a mate, start a family, and rear children
Middle Adulthood beginning around 40 and extending to about 60, expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility, assisting the next generation in becoming competent
Late Adulthood beginning in the 60s or 70s and lasting until death, adjusting to decreasing strength and health, time of life review, retirement, and new social roles
Death stopping of heartbeat, circulation, breathing, and brain activity; a person's death causes changes in their social context (friends and family must adjust and accept the loss
Chronological Age the number of years since birth
Biological Age "fitness health", in terms of biological health, based on biomarkers ex.) You have the lung function of a 65-year-old but you're 40
Subjective age (how old you feel you are - you age)/your age
Created by: serenakellie
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