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psych learning unit
intro psych learning unit
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| neutral stimulus | a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning |
| unconditioned stimulus | stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response. |
| unconditioned response | unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus |
| conditioned stimulus | originally an irrelevant stimulus that, comes to trigger a conditioned response |
| conditioned response | a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus |
| generalization | stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus elicit similar responses |
| discrimination | the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus |
| spontaneous recovery | the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response |
| positive reinforcement | Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response |
| negative reinforcement | Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli. Any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response |
| positive punishment | the addition of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring |
| negative punishment | the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring |
| ivan pavlov | Russian Physiologist who discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the ringing of a bell |
| b.f. skinner | Behaviorist that developed the theory of operant conditioning by training pigeons and rats |
| classical conditioning | a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events |
| operant conditioning | a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher |
| fixed interval | in operant conditioning, reinforcement after a specific amount of time has passed |
| variable interval | in operant conditioning, reinforcement after a random amount of time has passed |
| fixed ratio | in operant conditioning, reinforcement after a specific amount of responses |
| variable ratio | in operant conditioning, reinforcement after a random amount of responses |
| intrinsic motivation | doing something purely for enjoyment |
| extrinsic motivation | doing something for a reward or to avoid punishment |
| overjustification effect | effect of promising a reward for something one already enjoys. reward may become the motivation, rather than the intrinsic interest |
| mirror neurons | frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so, The brain's mirroring of another's action may enable imitation, language learning, and empathy. |
Created by:
angelrivera
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