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PSYCH EXAM ONE
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nature | genes; traits inherited |
| Nurture | environmental influences |
| What is the debate about nature and nurture? | how many/ what characteristics come from chromosomes or the result from experiences |
| epigenetics | the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work |
| differential susceptibility | people vary in how sensitive they are to particular experiences |
| ecological-systems approach | considers all influences from various contexts of development |
| cohort | people born within the same historical period |
| what is similar about psychosexual and psychosocial development? | both believe that adult problems stem from childhood |
| what does psychosexual development focus on? | sexual ueges |
| what does psychosocial development focus on? | family and culture |
| classical conditioning | learning occurs through association |
| operant conditioning | learning occurs through reinforcement and punishment |
| cross sectional research | compares people who differ in age but not characteristics |
| genotype | an organisms entire genetic inheritance (i.e. chromosomes) |
| phenotype | observational characteristics of a person (i.e. appearance) |
| how is the sex of a girl determined | sperm fertilizes egg with X chromosome |
| how is the sex of a boy determined | sperm fertilizes egg with Y chromosome |
| autosomes | control inheritance of all an organisms characteristics |
| homozygous | identical alleles of genes |
| heterozygous | two different alleles of genes |
| monozygotic twins are: | identical |
| dizygotic twins are: | fraternal |
| why is down syndrome a chromosomal condition? | it is caused by an extra chromosome |
| recessive conditions that are X-linked | hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and fragile X syndrome |
| behavioral teratogens | harmful prenatal brain that affect the child's intellectual and emotional functioning |
| five things the Apgar scale measures | color, heart beat, cry, muscle tone, breathing |
| pruning | serves to help brain run more efficiently; removal of the synaptic connection |
| experience expectant | brain functions require certain basic common experiences in order to develop normally |
| experience dependent | brain functions depend on particular variable; may or may not function |
| when does hearing develop | last trimester |
| when does seeing develop | immature at birth but experience builds it |
| when does tasting/smelling develop | adapts rapidly after birth |
| benefits of child directed speeech | helps babies know a starting point when talking |
| two social fear most common in infants and toddlers | separation anxiety and stranger wariness |
| synchrony | coordinated, rapid, and smooth exchange of responces b/t a caregiver and child |
| secure attachment | infant obtains comfort and confidence from parent |
| social referencing | when you look around at other reaction to figure out how to react |
| working model | assumptions used to organize perceptions |
| how does a child obtain a working model | through emotionally loving and supportive parents |
Created by:
Chesney04
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