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Chapter 1: Basic Def
Kinesiology/ Biomechanics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abduction | mvmt away form the midline of the body |
| dorsiflexion | used to describe extension at either the wrist or the ankle |
| kinesiology | brings together the fields of anatomy, physiology, physics, and geometry, and related term to human mvmt. utilizes mechanics, musculoskeletal anatomy, and neuromuscular physiology to study human mvmt. |
| kinetics | A division of Dynamic interaction relating to the forces that cause movement |
| superior | indicates the location of the body part that is above another or refer to the upper surface of an organ or structure |
| inferior | indicates the location of a body part that is below another or refer to the lower surface of an organ or structure |
| caudal | from foot word for "cauda" meaning tail, refers to a position or structure close to the feet |
| synovial | name of joints that are freely moveable |
| osteokinematics | used to describe the relationship of bony mvmt (ex movement of the lower leg on the upper leg) |
| adduction | mvmt toward the midline of the body |
| inversion | moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle |
| retraction | in anatomical position, mvmt along a plane parallel to the ground and toward the midline |
| palmar flexion | used to describe flexion of the wrist |
| plantar flexion | used to describe flexion of the ankle |
| horizontal adduction | when the shoulder is flexed at 90 degrees and then moves towards the midline of the body |
| horizontal abduction | when the shoulder is flexed at 90 degrees then moves away from the midline of the body |
| lateral bending | when the trunk moves sideways |
| biomechanics | the study of principles related to the human body |
| static | a biomechanics interaction in which there is a part that is non- moving |
| dynamic | a biomechanics interaction in which there is mvmt, or a part is movable, the dynamic system can be divided into kinetics and kinematics |
| anatomical position | the human body standing in an upright position, eyes facing forward, feet parallel, arms at the sides of the body with palms forward |
| fundamental position | the position similar to anatomical except the palms face the sides of body |
| medial | location or movement towards the midline |
| lateral | location or movement farther from the midline |
| anterior | refers to the front of the body or a position closer to front of body |
| posterior | refers to the back of the body or position more toward back of body |
| ventral | synonym for anterior, mainly used with quadrupeds |
| dorsal | synonym of posterior, mainly used with quadrupeds |
| distal | refers to extremities location away from the trunk |
| proximal | refers to extremities location towards the trunk |
| cranial | from the root "cephal" meaning close to the head, refers to a position or structure close to the head |
| arthrokinematics | describes the relationship of joint surface mvmt (ex how the head of the femur glides on tibial plateau) |
| flexion | the bending mvmt of one bone on another causing a decrease in the joint angle |
| extension | the straightening mvmt of one bone from another causing an increase of joint angle, hyperextension is a continuation of extension |
| circumduction | sequence in which the distal end of an extremity makes a wide circle in the air, the sides tapering to the proximal end, which makes a narrow circle |
| rotation | the mvmt of a bone around its longitudinal axis |
| internal rotation | rotation towards the midline, also called medial rotation |
| external rotation | rotation away from the midline, also called lateral rotation |
| eversion | moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle |
| protraction | in anatomical position, mvmt along a plane parallel to the ground away from the midline |
| supination | position of the forearm when palm is facing forward or anterior |
| pronation | position of the forearm when the palm is facing backward or posteriorly |
| ulnar deviation | a mvmt in which the hand moves medially from anatomical position towards the ulnar side |
| radial deviation | a mvmt in which the hand moves laterally from anatomical position toward the radial side |
| kinematics | A division of the dynamic system related to the time, space, and mass aspects of a moving system |
| linear motion | Motion that occurs in a straight line from one location to another, also called translatory motion |
| rectilinear motion | When all parts of an object moves the same distance, in the same direction, at the same time, in a straight line! |
| curvilinear motion | When all parts of an object moves the same distance, in the same direction, at the same time, but in a curved path. (ex is a ball thrown through the air) |
| angular motion | Angular Motion When an object moves about a fixed point, all the parts move through the same angle, in the same direction, and at the same time, but not the same distance; also called rotary motion |
Created by:
graykm
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