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Psych Unit 1
Scientific Foundations of Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Behavioral Perspective | observing behavior, predicting and controlling such behavior |
| Biological Perspective | how the body and the brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences; how our genes and environment influence our differences |
| Cognitive Perspective | belief that perception develops how people see the world and the difficulties they face; how we store, encode, and process info |
| Evolutionary Perspective | how the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes |
| Humanistic Perspective | the belief that people are in control of their own destiny, focuses on the inherent worth of an individual |
| Psychodynamic Perspective | how unconscious behavior drives behavior |
| Socio-Cultural Perspective | how behavior and thinking vary across situations and culture |
| Descriptive Research Method | used to observe and record behavior; conducted through case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observation |
| Correlational Research Method | used to detect naturally occurring relationships; to access how well one variable predicts another; conducted by collecting data from two or more samples |
| Experimental Research Method | used to explore cause and effect; conducted through trial and error and manipulating variables to get a result |
| Structuralism | concerned with visions, hearing, and touch and relied on introspection |
| Functionalism | concerned with the structure or purpose of the conscious |
| Edward Titchner | brought forth structuralism |
| William James | brought forth functionalism |
| Wilhelm Wundt | recognized psychology as an independent field that should focus on the consciousness |
| G. Stanley Hall | took Wundt's ideas to the US and established the first American psychology research lab |
| Margaret Floy Washburn | first women to get a phD and second female APA president |
| Mary Whiton Calkins | studied under William James, became the first female APA president |
| Max Wertheimer | brought forth the gestalt approach, focusing on one's whole form |
| Medical Model | believes we are genetically predisposed to certain disorders and their is little we can to do prevent them |
| Cross Sectional Study | a research design in which you collect data from many different individuals at a single point in time |
| Longitudinal Study | continuous or repeated measures to follow particular individuals over prolonged periods of time—often years or decades |
| Negative Correlation | As one variable increases, the other decreases |
| Positive Correlation | Both variables increase together |
| Operationalization | the process of turning abstract concepts into measurable observations |
| Eclectic | drawing from multiple perspectives |
| Sampling | when a researcher selects a group to study |
| Assignment | the process by which researchers conducting an experiment decide which of their participants will be in each of the various treatment conditions |
| Illusory Correlation | occurs when a researcher believes there is a relationship, but there's not |
Created by:
MadisonFoleyReis
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