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sci chap 2
Properties of Matter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| matter | anything with mass that takes up space |
| volume | a measure of the size of a body or region in three dimensional space |
| mass | a measure of the amount of matter in an object |
| weight | a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object. It's value can change with the location of the object in the universe |
| meniscus | the curve at a liquid's surface by which one measures the volume of the liquid |
| inertia | the tendency of an object to resist being moved or, if the object is moving, to resist a change in the speed or direction until an outside force acts on the object |
| physical property | a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a physical change, such as density, color, or hardness. This property can be seen or measured without changing the matter's identity ( you don't change an apple to observed its color) |
| chemical property | a property of matter that describes a substance's ability to participate in chemical reactions |
| density | the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance - the amount of matter in a given space |
| physical change | a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties |
| chemical change | a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties |
| volume of liquids - units of measurement | Liters (L) and milliliters (mL) are most commonly used. |
| volume of solids - units of measurement | cubic units are used - most common are cubic meters (m3) and cubic centimeters (cm3) are most often used. |
| formula for finding the volume of a rectangular solid | v = length x width x height |
| mass - units of measurement | kilograms (kg), grams (g), and milligrams (mg) |
| weight - units of measurement | newtons (N) |
| density - units of measurement | units consist of a mass unit divided by a volume unit. Equation used is D= m over V. This is expressed in units like g/cm3, or kg/m3 |
| temperature - units of measurement | celsius |
| examples of physical properties | conductivity, state, malleability, ductibility, solubility, and density |
| examples of phyical changes | freezing, cutting, bending, dissolving, meltingfreezing of water to make an ice cube is only a this kind of change - freezing does not affect the identity of the substance - ice is still water. Another is sanding a piece of wood, erosion of soil |
| examples of chemical properties | flammability(ability to burn) and reactivity(ability of two or more substances to combine and form one or more new substances) |
| examples of chemical changes | when the food you eat is digested, when soured milk smells bad, when you bake cake batter and it turns into a cake, . Signs that indicate this kind of change could be change in color or smell, fizzing and foaming, bubbles in batter as cake bakes |
| compare mass and weight | they are not the same - mass is the amount of matter in an object and weight is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on the object. The more mass an object has, the more gravitational force exerted on it. ex - brick and sponge pg 42 |
| how are mass and inertia related? | mass is a measure of inertia. an object with more mass is harder to get moving - a grocery cart with one potato is easier to push than a grocery cart full of potatoes pg 43 |
| how do you calculate density? | first measure mass and volume, then use the equation D = mass divided by volume (see page 47) |
| how will the density of an object affect behavior? | can tell you if the object will float or sink in water (that's one thing it will tell you). For ex, if the density of an object is less than the density of water it will float (feather) If density is greater than water, it will sink (brick) |
Created by:
tuck
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