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Developmental Psych
Exam 1 Quizes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lifespan development examines patterns of growth, change, and __________ in human behavior across the life span. | stability |
| How are the developmental periods of infancy and adolescence similar? | Both have a fairly clear-cut boundary for when they begin. |
| Robin grew up in a public housing project in Chicago. Grant grew up at the same time in an affluent suburb of Chicago. When Robin and Grant meet in college, we can expect that in general they will __________. | share history-graded influences but differ in sociocultural-graded influences |
| Compared to young children, adults have a much harder time learning a new language. Researchers studying this phenomenon are mainly addressing which key issue in development? | critical versus sensitive periods |
| Who were the Psychodynamic thinkers | Frued and Erickson |
| Who were the behavioral psychologists | Watson, Skinner, Bandura |
| Who was responsible for Cognitive psychology | piaget |
| Two Humanistic psychology thinkers | Maslow and Carl Rodgers |
| Proponents of which major theoretical perspective believe that behavior is largely motivated by subconscious inner forces and memories? | psychodynamic |
| Proponents of which major theoretical perspective believe that the keys to understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the environment? | behavioral |
| How are assimilation and accommodation similar? | Both are ways to bring about cognitive development |
| A parent who provides less and less guidance each time a child tries a puzzle is using __________. scaffolding behavior modifications operant conditioning classical conditioning | scaffolding |
| The __________ perspective identifies behaviors that are the result of genetic inheritance. | evolutionary |
| The __________ is the process of posing and answering research questions using controlled techniques that include systematic, orderly observation and the collection of data. | scientific method |
| If a journalist uses a correlational study to suggest that eating dark chocolate is good for your health, what mistake is the journalist making? | assuming that correlation always equals causation |
| The strength and direction of a relationship between two factors is represented by a(n) __________. | correlation coefficient |
| An investigator is studying the effectiveness of two new types of parenting interventions for children with disruptive behavior. In this example, the type of intervention would be the __________ variable, and the amount of disruptive behavior would be... | independent, dependent |
| ___is designed specifically to test some developmental explanation and expand scientific knowledge, whereas __________ is meant to provide practical solutions to immediate problems. | Theoretical research; applied research |
| Which perspective emphasizes how people internally represent and think about the world? | cognitive perspective |
| Which perspective contends that people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their lives? | humanistic perspective |
| What is the key factor guiding developmental perspectives that consider the relationship between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds? | contextual factors |
| Which perspective seeks to identify behavior that is the result of our genetic inheritance? | evolutionary perspective |
| Some lifespan developmentalists use a(n) __________ approach, drawing on several perspectives simultaneously. | eclectic |
| What is the best type of study to determine if daily reading with a parent can increase the speed at which a child learns to read independently | experimental |
| Alan has decided to conduct a naturalistic observation of children and friendships. Which location would produce the most accurate results? | a playground |
| A scientist is interested in the processes of cognitive change during childhood and decides to see how many words children of various ages can remember after one exposure to a list of words. What type of research is this scientist conducting? | theoretical research |
| Which type of research design takes the longest amount of time to complete? | longitudinal |
| The human genetic code, transmitted at the moment of conception and stored in our genes, is composed of specific sequences of __________. | DNA |
| The field of __________ studies the effects of heredity on psychological characteristics, such as personality and habits. | behavioral genetics |
| The fact that many human traits are determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors is referred to as __________. | multifactorial transmission |
| Because the genetic makeup of __________ twins is nearly identical, researchers can conclude that variations in their behavior is probably due to environmental factors. | monozygotic |
| Which of the following can be seen as an indication that intelligence has a strong genetic basis? | Brianna's IQ scores are nearly the same as those of her identical twin Suzanna. |
| One major personality trait that has been linked to genetic factors is __________, defined as the degree to which a person is outgoing and seeks contact with others. | extroversion |
| Theresa has been described as a "natural athlete." Her room at home is full of soccer balls, basketball nets, and softball bats. This is an example of how __________ can influence __________. | genes; the environment |
| How are sperm and ova alike? They both enter the fallopian tube. They are created at about the same time. They are about the same size. There are about the same number of both. | They both enter the fallopian tube. |
| A(n) __________ occurs when pregnancy ends before the developing child is able to survive outside the mother's womb. | miscarrriage |
| A baby born 39 weeks after conception and weighing 3,400 grams would be characterized as __________. preterm only small-for-gestational-age only both preterm and small-for-gestational-age neither preterm nor small-for-gestational-age | neither preterm nor small-for-gestational-age |
| During the end of her pregnancy, Betsy's fetus was in the breech position, so the doctors decided to surgically remove the baby from the uterus. What type of birth did Betsy and her baby have? - transverse umbilical uterine cesarean | cesarean |
| Which statement regarding infant mortality in the United States is true? | Infant mortality is higher in the United States than some countries due to having higher rates of low-birthweight deliveries. |
| Each human parent usually contributes __________ to the developing zygote. -46 genes 23 genes 23 X chromosomes and 23 Y chromosomes one of the two chromosomes in each pair of 23 | one of the two chromosomes in each pair of 23 |
| When a cluster of cells in the ovum splits off within the first two weeks after fertilization and forms two nearly identical zygotes, the result is __________. | monozygotic twins |
| The __________ pair of chromosomes determines the sex of the child. | twenty-third |
| Most traits are governed by a combination of gene pairs. This is called __________. | polygenic inheritence |
| The presence of an extra X chromosome in male babies produces __________, a disease characterized by genetic abnormalities. -fragile X syndrome Tay-Sachs disease Klinefelter's syndrome sickle-cell anemia | Klinefelter's syndrome |
| The noninvasive prenatal testing procedure that is commonly used to determine the size and shape of the baby and to monitor developmental patterns is called __________. chronic villus sampling ultrasound sonography an Apgar screen amniocentesis | ultrasound sonography |
| A person's __________, defined as enduring patterns of arousal and emotionality in an individual, has strong a genetic basis, but it can be influenced by environmental factors such as family traits and behaviors. | temperament |
| Which of the following is an environmental factor that may influence the intelligence of a child? -spatial skills genetic makeup father's intelligence friendships with intelligent peers | friendships with intelligent peers |
| Noticing that their baby daughter seems to love singing and dancing, her nonmusical parents stream music into the house constantly and purchase a piano. This is an example of -nurture influencing nature - genes influencing the environment | genes influencing the environment |
| During the __________ stage of prenatal development, the fertilized egg, or blastocyst, attaches itself to the wall of the uterus. -germinal zygotic fetal embryonic | germinal |
| In the procedure known as __________, a man's sperm is used to fertilize a woman's ova in a laboratory. in vitro fertilization reproductive intervention surrogate motherhood artificial insemination | in vitro fertilization |
| An environmental agent such as a drug, chemical, virus, or other factor that produces a birth defect is called a(n) __________. | tetrogen |
| The use of __________, which is designed to increase the size of the opening of the vagina, has fallen into disfavor in recent years and is diminishing in frequency. oxytocin a Braxton-Hicks contraction an episiotomy induced labor | an episiotomy |
| is a childbirth technique based on the principle that giving birth should be as natural as possible and should not involve the use of medications or medical interventions. Water birthing The Lamaze technique The Bradley Method Hypnobirthing | The Bradley Method |
| A baby who is still unborn 2 weeks after the mother's due date is considered a __________ infant. postmature high-birthweight small-for-gestational-age preterm | postmature |
| One factor in the increased reliance on cesarean delivery in the United States is __________. wider awareness of the health benefits of the procedure for the mother the greater use of fetal heart monitors the higher incidence of breech births | the greater use of fetal heart monitors |
| In the United States, which of the following is a major reason for the high rate of infant mortality in black births compared with white births? parents with disposition towards genetic diseases more home births older parents higher rates of poverty | higher rates of poverty |
| One of the most important ways behavior becomes integrated is through the development of various body __________, which are repetitive, cyclical patterns of behavior. rhythms movements synapses states | rhythms |
| he average annual weight gain for both boys and girls in middle childhood is __________. 8 to 10 pounds 3 to 6 pounds more than 10 pounds 5 to 7 pounds | 5 to 7 pounds |
| Secondary sex characteristics are the __________ that do not involve the sex organs directly. - visible signs of sexual maturity - hormone-induced mood swings - changes in brain structure - changes in height and weight | visible signs of sexual maturity |
| Although young adults are generally healthy, by their early 20s, __________, a natural physical decline brought about by increasing age, has already begun. maturation debilitation senescence senility | senescence |
| Projections suggest that by 2050, people age 65 and over will account for nearly __________ of the population. one-tenth one-third one-quarter one-half | one-quarter |
| During the preschool period, a child's __________ grow(s) faster than any other part of the body. muscles lungs brain heart | brain |
| As children grow, the two halves of the brain become increasingly differentiated and specialized in a process called __________. hemispheric preference sequential processing resiliency lateralization | lateralization |
| The infant's tendency to turn its head toward things that touch its cheek is known as the __________ reflex. Moro cuddling Babinski rooting | rooting |
| Advances in gross motor skills during the preschool years are related to ___ in areas of the brain related to balance & coordination. brain development and plasticity brain development and myelination of neurons temperamental factors and lateralization | brain development and myelination of neurons |
| __________ is an example of a fine motor skill that infants typically master within the first year. Lifting the head Picking up small objects Wiggling the fingers Walking with support | picking up small objects |
| The __________ approach to perception considers how information that is collected by various individual sensory systems is integrated and coordinated. | multimodal |
| The ability of young infants to make fine discriminations between sounds is particularly important in the development of the ability to understand __________. syntax language music voices | language |
| Blindness, the most serious visual impairment, is defined as visual acuity below __________ after correction. 20/500 20/70 20/200 20/100 | 20/200 |
| The key symptom of presbycusis, is __________. a constant low buzzing / ringing in the ears a feeling of heaviness /blockage in the ears a decline in ability to hear high-pitched sounds an inability to locate the source & direction of sounds | a decline in the ability to hear high-pitched sounds |
| Which eye disease occurs when pressure in the fluid of the eye increases? presbycusis glaucoma conjunctivitis tinnitus | glaucoma |
| One of the major body rhythms, the degree of awareness to both internal and external stimulation, is known as an infant's _______ active-quiet transition pattern autostimulation state | state |
| By the time children reach age __________, their proportions are similar to those of adults. 5 8 10 6 | 6 |
| Which of the following hormones play important roles in puberty? cortisol, adrenaline, and norepinephrine androgen, leptin, and estrogen dopamine, adrenaline, and serotonin growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon | androgen, leptin, and estrogen |
| Exercise during the period of middle adulthood can help to reduce __________, the thinning of the bones, that occurs in later life. rheumatism arthritis osteoporosis dystrophy | osteoporosis |
| The method of defining how old a person is taking into account a person's physical and psychological well-being is called __________. physiological age chronological age cardiological age functional age | functional age |
| __________ allows established neurons to build more elaborate communication networks with other neurons. Synaptic pruning Dendrites Brain plasticity Lateralization | Synaptic pruning |
| During the preschool years, __________ is completed in the hippocampus, an area of the brain associated with memory. sequencing language processing electrical activity myelination | myelination |
| _____ are unlearned, organized, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli. Characteristics Reflexes Rhythms Motor skills | reflexes |
| Research has found that during middle childhood, __________. boys and girls have similar motor skills boys lag behind girls in motor skills early, but then surpass them girls lag behind boys in motor skills early, but then surpass them | boys and girls have similar motor skills |
| By the end of the preschool years, most children show __________, which is a clear preference for using one hand over the other. handedness directionality partiality dexterity | handedness |
| Very young infants who are breast-fed are better able to distinguish their mothers through the sense of __________ than bottle-fed infants. smell hearing touch sight | smell |
| ___ is a particularly useful ability, helping babies as young as six months to acknowledge heights and avoid falls. Visual acuity Peripheral vision Depth perception Distance vision | depth perception |
| Severe and early loss of hearing can impair __________ thinking. concrete formal normative abstract | abstract |
Created by:
Layfield
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