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adrenoceptor agonist
pharmacology of sympathetic drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cardiovascular effects of B1 receptor agonists | increase the rate and force of myocardial contraction and conduction velocity throught the AV node and decrease the refractory period |
| cardiovascular effects of B2 receptor agonsits | cause relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and may incoke a reflex increase in heart rate |
| cardiovascular effects of alpha 1 agonists | constirct smooth muscle of resistance blood vessels, causing peripheral resistance and venous return |
| cardiocasvular effects of apha 2 agonstis | reduce blood pressure by prejunctional action on neurons in the CNS |
| eye effects of beta receptor agonsits | cause relaxation of the cialiary muscle with some decrease in accomodation |
| eye effects of alpha receptor agonsits | contract the radial muscle of the iris and dilates the pupil (mydriasies) |
| GI effects of alpha and beta receptor agonsits | relax GI smooth muscle; alpha agonists reduce the release of ACh ; beta receptors are located directly on the smooth muscle |
| epinephrine/norepinephrine | poorly absorbed from GI and do not enter the CNS; metabolized extensively in liver by COMT and MAO |
| epinephrine | activates beta 1and 2 and apha adrenoceptors; at low concentrations beta predominate, at higher concentrations alpha predominate |
| epinephrine | at low doses it increases systolic pressureas a result of positive inotropic and chronotropic effects and the heart and decreases total peripheral resistance. |
| epinephrine | net efefct at low dose is decreased total perioheral reistance and decreased diastolic pressure with no change in mean blood pressure and no relflex slowing of the heart |
| epinephrine | at high doses will aslo activate alpha receptors |
| epinephrine | at high dose the increase in heart rate may be offset by reflex vagal discharge |
| epinephrine | incrases coronary blood flow as a result of increased cardiac workload and may preipiate angina |
| epinephrine | incrases the drainage of aqueous humor and reduces pressure in open ancle glaucoma ( also causes mydriasis) |
| epinephrine | relaxes bronchial smooth muscle |
| norepinephrine | activates beta 1 receptos and alpha receptors |
| norepinephrine | increases total peripheral resistance and diastolic blood pressure to a greater extent than epinepherine |
| norepinephrine | incrases systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure |
| norepinephrine | has a direct stimulant effect on heart rate, but this is overcome by reflex baroreceptor-mediated vagal bradycardia |
| dopamine | activates peripheral beta 1 receptors to increase heart rate and contractility |
| dopamine | activates specific prejunstional and postjunctional receptors in the renal, coronary, and splanchnic vessels |
| dopamine | at low doses has a postive inotropic effect and increases systolic pressure, with little effect on diastolic pressure or mean blood pressure |
| dopamine | at high doses activates alpha receptors and causes vasoconstriction, with a reflx decrase in heart rate |
| dobutamine | synthetic catecholamine beta agonist |
| dobutamine | has a relatively selective effect on beta1 receptors |
| dobutamine | increases cardiac output and lowers peripheral resistance |
| metaproterenol, albuterol.bitloterol | more selective beta 2 receptor agonists tha relax bronchial smooth muscle with fewer cardiac effects and longer duration of action than epinephrine |
| ritodrine and terbutaline | used to duppress premature labor as well as dilate bronchial smooth muscle |
| isoproterenol | activates beta receptors with little activity on alpha receptros |
| isoproterenol | dilates bronchial smooth muscle |
| isoproterenol | increases heart rate and contractility and causes vasodilation with decreased total peripheral resistance and decreases diastolic blood pressure |
| phenylephrine, methoxamine and metaraminol | direct alpha receptor stimulation that results in vasoconstriction and increased total peripheral resistance ( less potent but longer acting than norepinephrine) |
| clonidine, methyldopa, and guanabenz | activates prejunctional alpha 2 receptors in the vasomotor center of medulla to reduce sympathetic tone; reduce blood pressure |
| ephedrine | release norepinephrine from nerve terminals; have similar effects to epinephrine, but are less potent and have a longer duration of action |
| alpha 1 agonists | used to treat hypotension and paroxysmal atrail tachycardia, to induce mydriasis, and to induce vasoconstriction |
| alpha 2 agonists | used to treat hypertension |
| beta 1 agonists | used to treat cardiac arrest or decompensation |
| beta 2 agonists | used to treat bronchospasm, asthma, emphysema |
Created by:
swohlers
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