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Drug List

Top 200 Drugs: Drug List One #81-100

GenericBrandIFUMOAClassificationADR & Black BoxDrug Stem
Alendronate Fosamax Osteoporosis Bisphosphonates work on bone cells osteoclasts and osteoblasts to alters bone formation and breakdown in the body. •This slows bone loss and helps prevent osteoporosis and bone fractures. Bisphosphonate ADR: Endocrine, CNS -dronate
Hydrocodone Bitartrate Zohydro ER Pain Mimic the action of naturally occurring opioids in the body (i.e., endorphins). They bind to receptor sites and decrease the amount of pain signals received by the CNS which results in decreased pain sensation. Opioid Analgesic ADR: GI, CV Black Box: Respiratory Depression none
Amitriptyline Elavil Depression Tricyclic antidepressants increase levels of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin by blocking their reuptake in the brain. • This leaves more of these chemicals available for continued use by the brain and stabilizes mood. (TCA) Tricyclic Antidepressant ADR: CV, CNS Black Box: Suicidal Thoughts -triptyline
Diclofenac Cataflam, Voltaren Pain, Inflammation • Inhibit prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in tissues. This prevents pain receptors from sending pain signals and triggering the inflammatory process. NSAID Analgesic ADR: CV, CNS -ac
Insulin Aspart Novolog Diabetes Mellitus Type I, II Novolog a fast-acting insulin that starts to work about 15 minutes after injection, peaks in about 1 hour, and keeps working for 2 to 4 hours. Insulin ADR: Endocrine, CNS Drug Stem: none Route: Subcutaneous
Tiotropium Spiriva COPD, Asthma A bronchodilator that relaxes muscles in the airways and increases air flow to the lungs by preventing bronchospasm (narrowing of the airways in the lungs). • Bind to receptors on bronchial smooth muscles and block the cholinergic effects of acety Anticholinergic ADR: GI, Respiratory Drug Stem: -trop- (Atropine derivative that treats smooth muscle spasms=bronchi, bladder, etc.) Route: Inhaled
Quetiapine Seroquel Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive D/O • Reduces dopamine neurotransmission in the mesolimbic pathway (“reward pathway”) in the brain. • When dopamine release is not well regulated in this pathway from the midbrain to the forebrain the likelihood of addiction, depression, schizophrenia Antipsychotic ADR: CV, CNS Black Box: Suicidal Thoughts -tiapine
Enalapril Vasotec Hypertension An angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for treating high blood pressure, heart failure and for preventing kidney failure due to high blood pressure and diabetes. • ACE is an enzyme responsible for producing the chemical, angiotensin ACE Inhibitor ADR: Renal, CV Black Box: Fetal Toxicity -pril
Polymyxin B Sulfate Polymyxin B Sulfate Bacterial Infections Polymyxins exert their effect on the bacterial cell membrane by affecting phospholipids and interfering with membrane function and permeability, which results in bacterial cell death. • Primarily used in life threatening infections caused by Gram Antibiotic (Polymyxin) ADR: CV, CNS Black Box: Nephrotoxicity -sulfa-
Sitagliptin Phosphate Januvia Diabetes Mellitus Type II The hormone incretin is helpful. It increases insulin production by the pancreas and decreases the amount of glucose released by the liver. • The enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) prematurely breaks down the hormone incretin resulting in incr DPP-4 Inhibitor ADR: Endocrine, GI -gli-
Diazepam Valium Anxiety, Myospasm, Adjunct to Convulsive Disorders Produces a calming effect that ranges from mild sedation to coma by enhancing the effects of neurotransmitter GammaAminobutyric Acid-ergic (GABA - a calming chemical) in the brain. Benzodiazepine ADR: CV, CNS Black Box: CNS Depression -azepam
Latanoprost Xalatan Glaucoma, Ocular HTN • Lowers pressure inside the eye by increasing the amount of fluid that drains from the eye Prostaglandin Analogs ADR: CNS, Dermatologic Drug Stem: -prost- Route: Ophthalmic
Ciprofloxacin Cipro Bacterial Infections It stops the multiplication of bacteria by inhibiting the reproduction and repair of their genetic material (DNA) Antibiotic (Fluoroquinolone) ADR: CNS, Dermatologic -oxacin
Budesonide/ Formoterol Symbicort Asthma, COPD Corticostereoids prevent the production of proteins that are used in the formation of prostaglandins & leukotrienes (chemicals involved in the inflammatory response). They prevent the airway from becoming inflamed. • Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists stimu Corticosteroid + Long Acting Beta-2 Agonist ADR: CNS, Respiratory Black Box: Asthma Related Death Drug Stem: -onide (Corticosteroid) -terol (Beta-2 Agonist) Route: Inhaled
Hydroxyzine Vistaril Itching (pruritis) caused by allergic reactions Allergens (food, environmental triggers) trigger the release of histamine which binds to H1- Receptor sites. This connection brings about allergy symptoms such as itching, sneezing, runny nose and watery eyes. • Antihistamines bind to H1- Recepto Antihistamine (Histamine H1-Antagonist) ADR: CNS ,GI Drug Stem: none Route: PO (liquid)
Ethinyl Estradiol/ Levonorgestrel Altavera 44 TOTAL BRAND NAMES Birth Control Prevents pregnancy by decreasing luteinizing hormones that cause ovulation • They also thicken the cervical mucus and alter the endometrial lining to help prevent fertilization and implantation. Oral Contraceptive ADR: CNS, CV Black Box: Cigarette Smoking -estr-
Docusate Sodium Colace, Dulcolax 53 TOTAL BRAND NAMES Constipation It works by increasing the amount of water the stool absorbs in the gut, making the stool softer and easier to pass. Laxative, Stool Softner ADR: Throat Irritation none
Valsartan Diovan HTN, CHF ARBs block angiotensin II from attaching to receptor sites and causing vasoconstriction which increases BP. Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) ADR: Renal Black Box: Fetal Toxicity -sartan
Finasteride Propecia, Proscar Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), Hair loss The enzyme 5α-Reductase converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT is the hormone responsible for causing growth of the prostate gland and hair loss in males. • Finasteride blocks the enzyme 5αReductase and less DHT is produced. In turn 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor ADR: CV, CNS Black Box: Pregnancy -steride
Ondansetron Zofran Nausea, vomiting Works in the stomach to block the signals to the brain that cause nausea and vomiting • Used to treat nausea/vomiting associated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy • Used post-operatively to treat nausea/vomiting associated with anesthesia Antiemetic (Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists) ADR: CNS, GI -setron
Created by: aaishat
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