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Musculoskeletal: Orthotics, Prosthetics, Amputation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| an ___ is primarily used for patients with peripheral neuropathy, nerve lesions, or hemiplegia; main purpose is to prevent foot drop and assist with dorsiflexion | ankle-foot-orthoses (AFOs) |
| a ___ is primarily used for patients with paraplegia and incorporates a cable system to assist with advancement of lower extremities during gait; a derivative of the HKAFO | reciprocating gait orthosis (RGOs) |
| a ___ restricts patients to a swing-to or swing-through gait pattern, and controls rotation at the hip and abduction/adduction | hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis (HKAFs) |
| a ___ orthotic is specifically designed for someone with paraplegia and allows them to stand with a posterior lean of the trunk | Craig-Scott knee-ankle-foot |
| a ___ provides support and stability to the knee and ankle, and allows for a lock mechanism at the knee to provide stability | knee-ankle-foot (KAFOs) |
| a ___ is a standing frame designed to allow a patient to sit when necessary; ambulation is achieved by shifting weight and rocking the base across the floor; primarily used for pediatrics | parapodium |
| a ___ is made of fabric and may have metal uprights, and is used to provide abdominal compression and support; provides pressure and relieves pain associated with mid and low back pathologies | corset |
| a ___ is an invasive orthosis consisting of four metal posts and a ring screwed directly to the patient's skull; provides full restriction of all cervical motion; used with cervical spinal cord injuries to prevent further damage | halo vest orthosis |
| a ___ is custom made to fit the pelvis to upper chest region and is designed to promote realignment of scoliotic spines | Milwaukee orthosis |
| a ___ limits trunk flexion and extension through a three-point control design | Taylor brace |
| a ___ is custom-made, rigid shell that prevents all trunk motions and is utilized as a means of post-surgical stabilization | thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) |
| a __ is a shoe modification used to prevent excessive hindfoot inversion or eversion, or to treat symptoms associated with pes planus or pes cavus | heel wedge |
| a __ is a shoe modification used to take pressure off the Achilles tendon, or to limit the effects of a leg length discrepancy | heel lift |
| a __ is a shoe modification used to cushion the heel and alleviate pain; can also be used for a patient with a calcaneal spur or plantar fasciitis | heel cushion |
| a __ is a shoe modification used to stabilize the calcaneus in a neutral position and provide some shock absorption; also used for patients with a calcaneal spur or plantar fasciitis | heel cup |
| a __ is a shoe modification used to relieve pressure from the metatarsal heads by transferring it to the metatarsal shafts; used for patients with metatarsalgia | metatarsal bar/pad |
| a __ is a shoe modification used to allow more push off in weak or inflexible feet; used for metatarsalgia or for patients with weak plantarflexion | rocker bar |
| a ___ amputation is an ankle disarticulation with attachment of the heel pad to the distal end of the tibia for weight bearing | Syme's |
| a ___ amputation is a resection of the lower half of the pelvis | hemipelvectomy |
| a ___ is an amputation of both lower limbs and the pelvis | hemicorporectomy |
| a ___ is an amputation through the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints; preserves the plantarflexors but sacrifices the dorsiflexors often resulting in an equinus contracture | Chopart's |
| a ___ amputation is a removal of the metatarsals; preserves both plantarflexion and dorsiflexion | Lisfranc |
| prosthetic causes for an abducted gait include: (6) | prosthesis may be too long high medial wall poorly shaped lateral wall prosthesis positioned in abduction inadequate suspension excessive knee friction |
| prosthetic causes for a circumducting gait include: (4) | prosthesis may be too long too much friction in the knee socket is too small excessive plantar flexion of prosthetic foot |
| prosthetic causes for excessive knee flexion during stance include: (4) | socket set forward in relation to foot foot set in excessive dorsiflexion stiff heel prosthesis is too long |
| prosthetic causes for vaulting during gait include: (4) | socket set forward in relation to foot inadequate socket suspension excessive alignment stability foot in excessive plantar flexion |
| prosthetic causes for rotation of the forefoot at heel strike include: (4) | excessive toe-out built in loose fitting socket inadequate suspension rigid SACH heel cushion |
| prosthetic causes for forward trunk flexion include: (3) | socket is too big poor suspension knee instability |
| prosthetic causes for a medial or lateral whip during gait include: (4) | excessive rotation of the knee tight fitting socket valgus in the prosthetic knee improper alignment of toe break |
| prosthetic causes for lateral bending during gait include: (4) | prosthesis may be too short improperly shaped lateral wall high medial wall prosthesis aligned in abduction |
| amputee causes for an abducted gait include: (5) | abduction contracture improper training adductor roll weak hip flexors and adductors pain over lateral residual limb |
| amputee causes for a circumducting gait include: (6) | abduction contracture improper training weak hip flexors lacks confidence to flex the knee painful anterior distal stump inability to initiate prosthetic knee flexion |
| amputee causes for excessive knee flexion during stance include: (5) | knee flexion contracture hip flexion contracture pain anteriorly in residual limb decrease in quadriceps strength poor balance |
| amputee causes for vaulting during gait include: (5) | residual limb discomfort improper training fear of stubbing toe short residual limb painful hip/residual limb |
| amputee causes for rotation of the forefoot at heel strike include: (4) | poor muscle control improper training weak medial rotators short residual limb |
| amputee causes for forward trunk flexion include: (4) | hip flexion contracture weak hip extensors pain with ischial weightbearing inability to initiate prosthetic knee flexion |
| amputee causes for a medial or lateral whip during gait include: (3) | improper training weak hip rotators knee instability |
| amputee causes for lateral bending during gait include: (6) | poor balance abduction contracture improper training short residual limb weak hip abductors on prosthetic side hypersensitive and painful residual limb |
Created by:
saram6450
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