Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
211 exam 1
Cardiopulmonary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ERV | expiratory reserve volume |
| FRC | functional residual capacity |
| IC | inspiratory capacity |
| RV | residual volume |
| TLC | total lung capacity |
| TV | tidal volume, normal breathing, we measure this |
| VC | vital capacity: All of possible air in lungs under volitional control – we measure and patient needs coaching for this IRV+TV+ERV = VC |
| TLC | TV + IRV + ERV +RV |
| COPD | airway damage, decrease ciliary function, inflamed mucosa lining, bronchial hyperreactivity, Hyperinflation = trapped air, decrease perfusion Hypercapnea = Increased CO2 consists of chronic bronchitis and emphysema |
| clinical presentation of COPD | Increased CO2 Clinical Presentation – Chronic cough, expectoration, dyspnea, Decreased Thoracic excusion, increased accessory muscles, Flatter diaphragm, Barrel chest, protruding abdomen, clubbing digits |
| how does COPD effect reserve volume | too much reserve volume |
| types of chronic obstructive lung diseases | COPD (emphysema, chronic bronchitis) sometimes asthma |
| asthma | Bronchospasms, wheezing, breathlessness, Inflamed airways, hyperactivity, SOB |
| types of asthma | allergic/Extrinsic – Pollen, Mold, dander Non allergic/ Local inflammatory response/Intrinsic – Smoke, Infections, Cold Air |
| clinical presentation of asthma | Hyperinflation, Accessory muscles used, Wheezing, Crackles RV and FRC are increased due to trapped air VC and IRV is reduced |
| cystic fibrosis | Dz of the excretory glands where secretions are thicker which leads to infections, This causes narrow airways, hyperinflation, infection, tissue destruction |
| etiology of CF | Autosomal recessive trait, 70% Dx at 1y/o |
| clinical presentation of CF | Thick secretions Barrel chested Increased Kyposis Hypertrophy of accessories Increased RV and Increased FRC |
| restrictive lung disease (pulmonary fibrosis) | Dz that have difficulty expanding the lungs |
| types of restrictive lung disease | Plura dz, Neuromuscular dysfunction, Changes to the chest wall |
| what causes restrictive lung disease | radiation therapy, inorganic dust, inhalation of noxious gases, asbestos, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (most common) scleroderma, TB, maybe COVID |
| clinical presentation of restrictive lung disease | Dyspnea with activity Non productive cough,shallow breathing, limited chest expansion, inspiratory crackles Decrease in RV, VC, FRC and TLC |
| what might a pt with cardiopulmonary or respiratory issues complain of, what is hx? | Chief Complaint is SOB. Also note cough, sputum production, wheezing, Occupation, social, family Hx, Meds |
| data collection for cardiopulmonary/ respiratory pts | Vitals – HR, BP, O2sats, resp rate, temp, pain, Weight/BMI Observation, Inspection, Palpation Posture, Pallor/bluish, clubbing Functional assessment – 6 min walk test |
| MMT for respiratory pts | check Inspiratory pressures (PT assessment) |
| what do you need to document for respiratory pts? | Sx with exercise, changes in O2 sats with exer Determine THRR (THRrange) -40%-85% (Karvonen’s method) –suggest using a range rather than one Target (THR) |
| Severe Pulmonary patients will max out their ____ ability before their max ____. | ventilator, Cardio |
| components of pulmonary rehab | Aerobic training General Strength Training |
| strength training for pulmonary rehab | Extremity Ventilatory muscle training- use a Threshold inspiratory muscle trainer Breathing Exercise |
| breathing exercises | purse lip breathing strengthen accessory mm when the diaphragm is dysfunctional |
| ____ breathing is more helpful with Chronic obs lung disease than ____ breathing | Purse lip, diaphragmatic |
| use _____ to record parameters need to be lifelong commitment for cardiopulmonary pts with HEP | exercise logs |
| pt education for respiratory/cardiopulmonary pts | Pacing Energy saving techniques – e.g. stair climbing – Deep breath, exhale and walk 2 steps, recover, repeat. Relaxation/stress management Community resources |
| review postural drainage | |
| devices for pulmonary rehab secretion removal | Oral Airway Oscillation device Positive Expiratory Pressure (PEP) – as effective a postural drainage and percussion for removal of secretions High Frequency Chest Compression devices |
| observations that may indicate pulmonary issues | Overuse of accessory muscles Furrowed brow and flaring nares Cyanosis or clubbing – thickening of fingers, blue Ask patient about Chronic nighttime hypoxemia |
| chronic nighttime hypoxemia | O2 is < 90%, c/o head aches, sleep during the day, restless at night, c/o fatigue, need night time oximeter/Sleep study |
| posture for pts with pulmonary issues | Pop Belly with Anterior tilt Kyphosis |
| chest shapes for pulmonary pts | Circular shaped – “barrel chested” Primarily upper chest breathers Increased ‘Angle of Louis’ |
| angle of louis | Between manubrium and sternum because they use Traps for muscles of respiration |
| correct breathing sequence | Diaphragm (abdominal rising) → lateral rib expansion →rise of upper chest) |
| scale for assessing dyspnea | Modified Medical Research Council Scale (MMR) |
| MMR scale | see slide 17 |
| HR guidelines for stopping exercise | drop below the resting rate or an increase of more than 20-30 beats/min above resting |
| BP guidelines for stopping exercise | Drop of >10mm Hg below resting |
| O2 sat guideline for stopping exercise | less than 90, unless pt has hypoxic drive (about 85-88% is normal for hypoxic drive) |
| symptoms of heart disease that indicate stopping an exercise session | Angina, significant increase in dyspnea |
| what HR range should a cardiopulmonary pt start an exercise program at | as low as 40%-60% of their HRmax |
| Heart rate reserve | difference b/n HRrest and HRmax |
| betablocker | bring HR down and keep it at certain level, can't use just HR on pts on beta blockers because it is nott accurate *need to use BORG scale* |
| see BORG scale slides 20 and 21 |
Created by:
bdavis53102
Popular Physical Therapy sets