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PTA 211 Exam 1
Cardiopulmonary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ___ is the amount of additional air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation | expiratory reserve volume (ERV) |
| ___ is the amount of air in the lungs after a normal exhalation | functional residual capacity (FRC) |
| ___ is the maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a normal respiration | inspiratory capacity (IC) |
| ___ is the amount of additional air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation | inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) |
| ___ is the amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation | residual volume (RV) |
| ___ is the amount of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation; sum of all lung volumes | total lung capacity (TLC) |
| ___ is a sum of all possible air that can be inhaled and exhaled when under volitional control | vital capacity (VC) |
| ___ is normal breathing | tidal volume (TV) |
| ___ is characterized by airway damage, decreased ciliary function, inflamed mucosa lining, bronchial hyperactivity, hypercapnia, hyperinflation | COPD |
| the clinical presentation of COPD includes: (9) | chronic cough expectoration dyspnea decreased thoracic excursion increased accessory muscle use flatter diaphragm barrel chest protruding abdomen clubbing digits |
| ___ is characterized by bronchospasms, wheezing, breathlessness, inflamed airways, hyperactivity, shortness of breath | asthma |
| ___ asthma is caused by allergies such as pollen, mold, dander, etc. | extrinsic |
| ___ asthma is is caused by a local inflammatory response to non-allergens such as smoke, infections, cold air, etc. | intrinsic |
| the clinical presentation of asthma includes: (6) | hyperinflation use of accessory muscles wheezing crackles increased RV and FRC reduced VC and IRV |
| ___ is a disease of the excretory glands where secretions are thicker than normal, leading to infection, narrow airways, hyperinflation, and tissue destruction | cystic fibrosis |
| the clinical presentation of cystic fibrosis includes: (5) | thick secretions barrel chest increased kyphosis hypertrophy of accessory muscles increased RV and FRC |
| ___ is characterized by a difficulty with expanding the lungs due to pleural disease, neuromuscular dysfunction, or changes to the chest wall from radiation, inorganic dust, noxious gases, asbestos, or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | restrictive lung disease |
| the clinical presentation of restrictive lung disease includes: (6) | dyspnea with activity non-productive cough shallow breathing limited chest expansion inspiratory crackles decreased RV, VC, FRC, and TLC |
| general pulmonary rehab interventions include: (6) | aerobic training general strength training (extremities, ventilatory muscles, breathing exercises) HEP (lifelong commitment) patient education (pacing, energy conservation) secretion management (postural drainage) devices for secretion removal |
| HR dropping ___ or increasing ___ is an indication the current exercise session should be stopped | dropping below the resting rate increasing more than 20/30 BPM above resting |
| systolic BP dropping ___ is an indication the current exercise session should be stopped | more than 10 mmHg below resting |
| O2 sats dropping below ___ is an indication the current exercise session should be stopped | 90% |
| THR for cardiopulmonary patients should be ___ to ___% of their max HR | 40-60% |
| signs and symptoms of nighttime hypoxemia include: (5) | O2 < 90% headaches sleep during the day restless at night fatigue |
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