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Pharm: Cardiac/Shock

QuestionAnswer
What is Class I? Give example of a drug in this class. SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER 1A: quinidine; 1B: lidocaine (Xylocaine)
What is Class II? Give example of a drug in this class. BETA ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS: propranolol (Inderal)
What is Class III? Give example of a drug in this class. POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS: amiodarone (Cardorone)
What is Class IV? Give example of a drug in this class. CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS: verapamil (Calan)
What is Class V? Give example of a drug in this class. MISCELLANEOUS: adenosine (Adenocard); Digoxin
MOA of Sodium Channel Blockers for antidysrhythmics? Slows the spread of impulse conduction across myocardium.
MOA of Beta Adrenergic Blockers for antidysrhythmics? Decrease sympathetic system; Decrease HR (negative chronotropic effect); Decrease BP
MOA of Potassium Channel Blockers for antidysrhythmics? Prolongs refractory period
MOA of Calcium Channel Blockers for antidysrhythmics? Peripheral vasodilation; Decrease HR (negative chronotropic effect); Negative inotropic effect
MOA of adenosine (Adenocard) for antidysrhythmics? Slows conduction through AV Node. (WARNING: can cause transient asystole)
MOA of Digoxin for antidysrhythmics? Positive inotropic effect (greater force of contraction); Negative chronotropic effect (decreased HR)
Indications for CLASS I (Sodium Channel Blockers)? Ventricular Dysrhythmias (PVC's)--Premature Ventricular Contraction.
Indications for CLASS II (Beta Adrenergicl Blockers)? Atrial dysrhythmias; Heart failure; HTN; MI
Indications for CLASS III (Potassium Channel Blockers)? serious Ventricular and Atrial dysrhythmias
Indications for CLASS IV (Calcium Channel Blockers) HTN; Angina; Supraventricular dysrhythmias.
Drugs used for treating Angina Pectoris? 1. Organic Nitrates, 2. Beta Adrenergic Blockers, 3. Calcium Channel Blockers
T or F. Angina is usually relieved by reducing cardiac workload (feels better upon resting) TRUE
MOA of organic nitrates in the treatment for Angina? dilates veins and coronary arteries.
MOA of Beta Adrenergic Blockers in the treatment of Angina? decreases the oxygen demands on the heart; Decreased BP; Negative Inoptropic effect; Negative chronotropic effect
MOA of Calcium Channel Blockers in the treatment of Angina? dilates coronary vessels and reduces workload on heart: Decreased BP and negative chronotropic effects (decreased HR)
What does the P wave indicate? Atrial Depolarization
What does the QRS wave indicate? Ventricular Depolarization (Ca+ and Na+ move in)
What does the T wave indicate? Ventricular Repolarization (K+ moves out)
What is Angina Pectoris and what are its symptoms? Chest pain with physical exertion or emotional stress. Pain represents myocardial ischemia--muscle cells lacking oxygen. Angina normally subsides with rest.
Indications for Class V (andenosines) serious Atrial tachycardia
Indications for Class V (Digoxin) Atrial dysrhythmias
Toxicity warning symptoms of Digoxin? nausea, vomiting, headaches and "halo vision"
Example of Organic Nitrates used to treat Angina and their MOA? nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitrobid, Nitro-Dur). MOA: causes vasodilation and DECREASES preload and afterload.
Example of Beta Adrenergic Blockers used to treat Angina and their MOA? propranolol (Inderal) and metaprolol (Lopressor). MOA: negative chronotrope and inotrope.
Example of Calcium Channel Blockers used to treat Angina and their MOA? verapamil (Calan) and diltiazem (Cardiazem). MOA: vasodilation and negative chronotrope (decrease HR)
Define Myocardial Infarction (MI)? "Heart Attack". Death of muscle secondary to coronary artery occlusion. Presents the same as Angina except the pain does not ease with rest.
Treatment of MI? (MONA) Morphine, Oxygen, Nitro, Aspirin
Preventative drug treatment for Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) or "Stroke"? 1. Antihypertensives: (ACE inhibitors, Beta Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Diuretics; 2. Antiplatelet Aggregation: (Aspirin, ticlopidine (Ticlid) for px who can't tolerate aspirin)
Two types of Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) or "Stroke"? 1. Thrombotic Stroke (clot in artery of the brain) 2. Hemorrhagic Stroke (burst blood vessel in brain)--only about 20% of strokes/less common. **DO NOT treat with thrombolytics.
Three types of Shock? 1. Hypovalemic (lack of fluid); 2. Distributive (loss of blood vessels tone); 3. Cardiogenic (pump failure)
What type of shock does Anaphylaxis Shock fall under? Distributive Shock
What is Anaphylaxis Shock? Shock from sever allergic reaction. Can be from medicines, food, bee stings, bites, etc.
What does Anaphylaxis Shock cause the body to do? Vasodilation (Distributive shock) and Bronchoconstriction.
Treatment of choice for Anaphylaxis Shock? epinephrine (Adrenalin) because it is both a vasoconstrictor and bronchodilator.
Name and describe the three categories under Distributive Shock? 1. Neurogenic (trauma to brain or spinal cord); 2. Septic (pathogenic organisms in blood...multi organ failure); 3. Anaphylactic (acute allergic reaction)
Created by: mamcdonald
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