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PTA 211 Exam 1
Geriatric Considerations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| with normal aging, the ___ of the brain stays the same, but the ___ will decrease | size; weight |
| the ventricles of the brain will ___ with age | enlarge |
| the rate at which neurons are replaced begins to ___ with age | decrease |
| the synthesis and release of ACh decreases with age, which can impact ___ | memory |
| the speed of conduction of neurotransmitters decreases with age, which can result in ___ | slower movements |
| dopamine levels decrease with age, which can result in ___ | tremors/ 'Parkinson-like syndrome' |
| aging results in a general decrease in responsiveness of the neuromuscular system, resulting in: (6) | decreased coordination decreased speed of transmission of impulses/ increased reaction time decreased cognitive processing speed decreased attention span decreased acuity of sensory systems increased postural instability/gait changes |
| max VO2, stroke volume, and cardiac output ___ with age | decreases |
| does resting oxygen consumption change with age? | no, unless there is a Hx of pneumonia, asthma, etc. |
| resting heart rate decreases ___BPM/decade (can vary with Hx of cardiac issues or medication) | 5-7 |
| BP can increase with age due to ___ and/or ___ | atherosclerosis and/or arteriosclerosis |
| what formula should be used to calculate the max heart rate of an elderly patient? | HR max= 208- (0.7 x age) |
| ___/___ is a common but not 'normal' change seen with age; most prevalent disease for those 60+; 90% of instances are due to atherosclerosis | CAD/ischemic heart disease |
| ___ cholesterol increases and ___ cholesterol decreases with age | LDL increases HDL decreases |
| the thickness and stiffness of the [right/left] ventricular wall and valves increases with age | left |
| the responsiveness of ___ and ___ in the cardiovascular system decreases with age | baroreceptors and pacemaker cells |
| normal changes in the respiratory system due to aging include: (5) | increased residual volume decreased vital capacity decreased elasticity decreased activity of the cilia decreased cough reflex |
| with age, the strength of respiratory muscles ___, but the work ___ up to 20% | strength decreases work increases |
| airway diameters decrease with age, resulting in an ___ resistance to airflow | increased |
| what changes occur to collagen fibers with age? (3) | increased diameter increased cross-linkage- tighter, less flexible increased strength of fibers |
| what changes occur to elastin fibers with age? (2) | decreased recoil increased ability to overstretch and tear |
| how do you prevent bruising an elderly patient's skin? (4) | use a lumbrical grip (circumferential grip causes bruising easier) wear long sleeves use stockinette ankle/elbow pads |
| what causes cold intolerance in elderly patients? (2) | decreased shivering vasoconstriction |
| what causes heat intolerance in elderly patients? (2) | decreased ability to perspire lower body temperature |
| [type I/type II] muscle fibers selectively decrease with age | type II |
| what can occur as a result of bed rest and inactivity? (BED REST acronym) | Bladder/bowel incontinence and retention, Bed sores Emotional trauma, Electrolyte imbalance Deconditioning, Depression, Demineralization of bone ROM dec., contractures, Renal dysfunction Energy depletion Sleep disorders, Sensory deprivation Trouble |
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