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Antibiotics,Antifungals, and Antivirals

QuestionAnswer
Medications that specifically treat infections caused by bacteria (Not viruses or other microoganisms) Work by killing bacteria (bactericidal) or by inhibiting the growth of bacteria (bacteriostatic) Different types of antibiotics treat different types Antibiotics
Penicillins (beta-Lactam Antibiotics) Work by damaging the cell wall of the bacteria (bactericidal); treat a wide range of infections Penicillin was the first antibiotic used by doctors Amoxicillin Amoxil Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid Augmentin
Cephalosporins (beta-Lactam Antibiotics) Work by damaging the cell wall of the bacteria (bactericidal); trat a wide range of infections Some ex: ear and sinus infections urinary tract infections (UTIs) infections of the GI tract Cephalexin Keflex Cefdinir Omnicef
Fuorquinolones "quinolones" Work by inhibiting bacterial enzymes responsible for DNA replication of the bacteria (bactericidal) Treat a wide range of infections, including UTIs and respiratory infections Strong antibiotics generally used for resistant Ciprofloxacin Cipro Levofloxacin Levaquin
Sulfonamides "sulfa drugs" Work by inhibiting bacteria's ability to make folic acid which is needed for their reproduction (bacteriostatic) Treat wide range of infections including UTIs, bronchitis, and prostate infections Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (SMX/TMP) Bactrim Septra
Macrolides (Erythromycin Antibiotics) Work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis needed for replication in a reversible manner (bacteriostatic) Treat a wide range of infections including UTIs, ear infections, upper and lower respiratory tract infect Azithromycin Zithromax
Lincosamides (Lincomycin Antibiotics) Work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis needed for replication in a reversible manner (bacteriostatic) Treat a wide range of anaerobic infections (bacteria not requiring oxygen for growth) including dental, re Clindamycin Cleocin
Nitroimidazoles - Work by inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis which disrupts the DNA (bactericidal) Treat a wide range of anaerobic infections including infections of the GI tract, skin urinary tract, bone, blood, CNS, heart and lower respiratory Metronidazole Flaqyl
Nitrofurans Work by several mechanism: disrupts bacterial protein, cellwall, RNA, and DNA synthesis Treats urinary tract infections (UTIs) (bacterial in urinary tract at therapeutic doses) large crystal structure which restricts absorption through the G Nitrofurantoin Macrodantin Macrobid
Tetracyclines Work by disrupting bacterial protein synthesis (bactericidal) Treat a wide range of infections including infections of intestines, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and eyes Also used in the treatment of the anthrax, various STDs. gum dis Doxycycline Vibramycin Doryx
Topical Antibiotics - Mupirocin is a mixture of several pseudomonic acids, which inhibit bacterial RNA and protein synthesis (bacteriostatic) Treats a wide range of skin infections typically due to staph or strep (impetigo, open wounds, MRSA) Inactive f Mupirocin Bactroban (cream and ointment)
Antifungals - For the treatment of infections caused by a fungus including yeast infections Fluconazole Diflucan Ketoconazole Nizoral
Antivirals - For the treatment of infections caused by a virus: only effective while the virus is replicating Different antivirals work against different viruses; For herpes and varicella (chickenpox/shingles) Acyclovir Zovirax Valcyclovir Valtrex For Influenza (flu) Oseltamivir Tamiflu
Created by: laylaoxendine
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