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Pre-columbian Civilz
Part 3 of W.GEO Midterm Study Guide
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What civilizations were well established by 16th century european contact? | mesoamerican / south american civilizations |
Where did native americans build spectacular cities, complex systems of political organization, and rich cultures? | in central Mexico, on the Yucatan Peninsula, and along the west coast of South America |
Where was the Mayan civilization located? | yucatan peninsula, belize, guatemala |
Guatemala - used to be mayan - converted to catholic church by europeans? TRUE OR FALSE | TRUE |
What was Mayan social stratification based on? | Rituals |
Describe Mayan social stratification? | king → middle class → commoners |
What is a divine king? | mortal and supernatural connection |
Maya had hierarchically organized city-states led by | royals and SUPPORTED by early forms of organized agriculture |
The Mayans were also extraordinary astronomers who | developed two interlocking calendar cycles and kept detailed records of the planet Venus. |
What type of religion did the Mayans have? | polytheistic |
5 Factors for Mayan Polytheistic religion? | large pyramids, human sacrifices, calendar based on astronomy, ONLY pre-columbian empire with hieroglyphic script, art using various stones / minerals |
Mayans are AGRICULTURAL based. TRUE OR FALSE | TRUE "Linked by vast trade networks" |
Who arrived on the central Mexican plateau around 1200 CE? | The Aztecs civilization |
Aztecs had a strict or simple/free social hierarchy? | STRICT |
Describe Aztec social hierarchy. | Lords → nobles → military leaders → high-level priests → commoners → slaves |
Aztecs were originally... | NOMADS |
Where did Aztecs settle? | They established a city on Lake Texcoco that was later known as Tenochtitlàn |
How did the Aztecs increase their power? | Through formation of the Triple Alliance with neighboring city-states Texcoco and Tlacopan in 1428 |
Who controlled the conquest of neighboring regions and maintained the flow of tributes to the Emperor at the capital in the Aztecs? | A military nobility |
Who managed the day-to-day affairs of the state? | Priests and other government officials |
Who were extremely good at math? | The Aztecs |
Astronomy was integral to Aztec culture, and it influenced a large portion of how they lived. TRUE OR FALSE | TRUE |
Who rose to prominence only about 100 years before Spanish conquest? | The inca |
Who controlled the majority of the peoples living on or near the Andes mountain chain? | The Inca |
The Inca “Land of the Four Quarters” included... | 80 provinces and 16 million people |
The Incas terraced along the Andes mountains. TRUE OR FALSE | TRUE |
What math tool did the Inca use? | The yupana |
Why was astronomy was a very important force in Inca life? | The stars were a guiding force for the Inca people, from making agricultural decisions to predicting the weather. |