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Migration

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QuestionAnswer
Different Migration theories Functionalist, Historical-structural, other
Functionalist migration theories push-pull, neoclassical, human capital
historical structural migration theories dependancy, world system, globalization
other dual labour market, new economics of labour migration, aspirations-capabilities, migration transition, -networks, -industry, -systems
push-pull theory pos/neg economic, demographic and environmental factors
neoclassical theory part of economic development, rational individuals aiming to maximise their income
human capital theory migration is an investment, higher expected return (knowledge, skills)
dependency theory capitalism deprives poor countries of human resources, poor countries can never catch up
world system theory unequal relationship between core and periphery reinforces divergence, produces labour exploitation of the third world
Globalization theory Neoliberal, states side with cooperations to maximize profit
Dual labour market theory Low skilled migrants needed to do manual jobs that natives don't want to do
New economics of labour migration theory Relative deprivation, strategy to improve livelihoods, shows agency
Aspirations-capabilities model Higher development means more capabilities of migrating but less aspirations, explains middle income emigration
Migration transition Higher mobility, with development countries go from net emigration to net immigration
Migration networks ties that connect migrants decrease risks and costs of migration
Migration industry Interest in migrations: employers, travel agents, housing agents. Provide information and services
Migration systems theory Set of places linked by goods, services, money, ideas and people. Migration corridors through trade, colonization or cultural ties.
Migration control: Non-arrival policies Visa required to initiate asylum procedures. Carrier sanctions.
Migration control: Diversion policies Return of asylum seekers to "safe third countries" (Morocco, Libya, Turkey)
Illegal migration Problematic term describing corssing a border without necessary permission.
Irregular migration Not following the norms of regulation. Hard to call irregular if it is common.
Downside to term "unauthorized" Gives too much power to the state, not every migration needs to be authorized.
Undocumented Absence of specific documents that regulate travel or residence.
Smuggling Using intermediaries to cross the border without permission, often a consequence of strict border controls.
Human trafficking Involves exploitation and some force of threat or force. Smuggling can lead to trafficking.
Created by: tomburger
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