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GN pharm 2010

infection drugs: names, indication, contraindication, adv, mechanism of action

QuestionAnswer
Penicillin generic names penicillin, amoxicllin, nafcillin
penicillin brand names augmentin, zosyn
penicillin indication meningitis, syphilis, bacterial endocarditis
penicillin adverse effects renal impairment, hyperkalemia/dysrhythmia
penicillin contraindications allergies to penicllin, cephalosporins. ampicillin decreases OC efficacy, inactivates aminoglycosides when mixed in same IV sol.
penicillin mechanism of action weaken cell wall
cephalexin class/generic names cephalosporins: cefaclor, ceftraxone, cefepime
cephalexin brand name KEFLEX, ceclor, rocephin, maxipime
cephalexin mechanism of action destroy bacterial cell wall causing destruction of of micro organism
cephalexin indication broad spectrum, high therapeutic index
cephalexin adverse effects bleeding, thrombophebitis, cross allergy to penicillin, psuedomembranous colitis-diarrhea
cephalexin contraindications renal impairment, medications that promote bleeding:anticoag, thromobolytics, antiplat
cephalexin note administration take with food, store oral suspensions in refrigerator
vancomycin class/generic names monobactams: aztreonam, fosfomycin
vancomycin brand name vancocin
vancomycin mechanism of action destroy bacterial cell wall
vancomycin indication psuedomembraneous colitis caused by C.diff
vancomycin adverse effects ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis
vancomycin contraindications renal impariment
tetracycline hydrochloride class/generic names tetracycline: doxycycline
tetracycline hydrochloride brand name Sumycin, vibramycin
tetracycline hydrochloride mechanism of action inhibits microorganism grwoth
tetracycline indication chlamydia, rocky mountain spotted fever, lyme disease, gastrointestinal infections- H.pylori
tetracycline adverse effects epigastric discomfort, diarrhea, heartburn, photosensitivty, hepatoxicity
tetracycline contraindications cross sensitivity allergy to penicillin, renal impairment
erythromycin class/generic name bacteriostatic inhibitors: erythromycin, clindamycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
erythromycin brand name e-mycin
erythromycin mechanism of growth inhibits growth of microorganism
erythromycin indication treat infections in clients with penicillin allergy
erythromycin adverse effects gastrointestinal discomfort, thrombophlebitis
erythromycin contraindications avoid using antihistamines, asthma medications, anticonvulsants, anticoagulants cause toxicity
gentamicin class/ generic name aminoglycosides: gentamicin, amikacin, neomycin, streptomycin, paromomycin
gentamicin brand name garamycin
gentamicin mechanism of action destroy microorganism by disrupting protein synthesis
gentamicin indication serious infection of gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary tracts: CNS, bone, skin, and soft tissue including burns
gentamicin adverse effects nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, nueromuscular blockadeleading to resp depression
gentamicin contraindications nueromuscular blocking agents, penicillin, cephalosporin, vancomycin
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole class/ generic name sulfonamides and trimethoprim:trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole brand name TMP-SMZ, bactrim, cotrim, septra
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole mechanism of action inhibit bacterial growth by preventing the synthesis of folic acid.
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole indication urinary tract infections
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole adverse effects hypersensitivity: stevens johnson syndrome, crystalluria, kernicterus-jaundice, blood dyscarsias, photosensitivity
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole contraindications folate deficiency, preg and lact, warafin, dilantin,
isoniazid(INH) class/ generic name antituberculosis: isoniazid (INH)
INH mechanism of action inhibits growth of microbacteria by preventing synthesis of mycolic acid
INH indication active and latent tuberculosis
INH adverse effects Peripheral neuropathy- deficiency of b6, hepatotoxicity
INH contraindications phenytoin- accumulation resukts in ataxia, and incoordination, alcohol, rifampin, and pyrazinamide- increases risk of hepatotoxicity
acyclovir class/brand name antiviral: acyclovir, ganciclovir, ribavirin
acyclovir brand name zovirax, cytovene, rebetol
acyclovir mechanism of action prevents reproduction of viral DNA
acyclovir indication herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus
acyclovir adverse effects nephrotoxicity, mild gastrointestinal upset
acyclovir contraindications pregnancy, renal impairment, low WBC and plat
ciprofloxacin class/ generic name fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin
ciprofloxacin brand name cipro
ciprofloxacin mechanism of action inhibition of the enzyme necessary for DNA replication
ciprofloxacin indication broad spectrum , severe infections of resp, GI, urinary systems. as well as infections of bones, joints, skin and soft tissues, anthrax
ciprofloxacin adverse effects GI discomfort, achilles tendon rupture, suprainfection,
ciprofloxacin contraindications cationic compunds (antiacids, iron salts, sucralfate, milk and dairy) decrease absorption, theophylline, warfarin
metronidazole class/ generic name antiprotozoal: metronidazol
metronidazole brand name flagyl
metronidazole mechanism of action slows growth of microorganism
metronidazole indication trichomoniasis, acute intestinal amebiasis and antibiotic associated colitis
metronidazole adverse reactions GI upset- nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, metallic taste, darkening of urine, CNS symptoms- numbness of extremities, ataxia, seizures
metronidazole contraindications pregnancy, alcohol, wafarin
Created by: lilmunst3r
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