Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 4
Learning
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ivan Pavlov | known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs |
| John B. Watson | founded behaviorism and researched conditioning and found stimulus generalization |
| B.F. Skinner | inventor of the Skinner Box, he discovered the power of positive reinforcement in learning through operant conditioning |
| John Garcia | known for discovering exceptions to the process of learning by classical conditioning |
| Edward Thorndike | his work on learning theory that lead to the development of operant conditioning within behaviorism |
| Edward Tolman | best-known for cognitive behaviorism, his research on cognitive maps, the theory of latent learning |
| Albert Bandura | they suggest that observation and modeling play a primary role in how and why people learn |
| Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) | a stimulus that automatically triggers a response EX: Food |
| Unconditioned Response (UR) | the naturally occurring response to the UCS EX: Salivation |
| Neural Stimulus (NS) | the CS before conditioning EX: Bell with no effect |
| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) | a stimulus that has come to elicit a conditioned response EX: Bell with effect |
| Conditioned Response (CR) | learned response to the previously neural stimuli EX: Dog salivates to bell |
| Acquisition Learning Curve | involves pairing of the conditioned stimulus and the UCS, the greater # of pairing = stronger response |
| Stimulus Generalization | occurs when a CR results from stimuli that are similar but unrelated |
| Stimulus Discrimination | an organisms lack of response to a stimulus similar to the original stimulus |
| Taste Aversion | when someone has a bad experience with a food and associates that bad experience with the food in the future |
| Primary Reinforcer | stimuli that are biologically relevant to organisms and increase an organism's behavior towards it |
| Secondary Reinforcer | a stimuli that has taken on the reinforcing properties of the primary reinforcer associated with it |
| Fixed Ratio | a set # of responses before reinforcement is given |
| Variable Ratio | the # of responses required vary around some average |
| Fixed Interval | a set interval of time is needed for reinforcement to be given |
| Variable Interval | reinforces a response at unpredictable rates |
| Classical Conditioning | learning that takes place when a NS come to produce a CR because of its association with the UCS |
| Operant Conditioning | method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior |
| Observational Learning | learning that takes place by watching others model a task |
| Latent Learning | learning in the absence of apparent reinforcement |
| Positive Reinforcement | occurs when a behavior is followed by a desired stimulus |
| Negative Reinforcement | occurs when a behavior prevents or removes an aversive stimulus |
| Shaping | technique whereby successive approximations of a behavior are reinforced |
| Chaining | organisms are required to perform several different behaviors in sequence before receiving the reineforcement |
| Extinction | when a behavior results in a reinforcer no longer results in the reinforcer |
| Spontaneous Recovery | occurs when a previously extinguished CR suddenly randomly reappears |
| Internal Locus of Control | believe that the outcomes of their actions are results of their own abilities |
| External Locus of Control | attributes academic success or failure to luck or chance, a higher power or the influence of another person |
Created by:
MadisonFoleyReis
Popular Psychology sets