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What are the building block of proteins?
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Non essential AA
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Nutrition Quiz 5

QuestionAnswer
What are the building block of proteins? Amino acids (AA)
Non essential AA produced in the body
Essential AA not produced in the body and need to be taken in through diet
How many essential AA are there? 9
What are the 9 essential AA? histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylanine, threonine, typtophan and valine
Conditional Needed in times of illness and stress
What are the 2 categories of proteins? Complete and incomplete protein
Complete protein Source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of all 9 essential AA (meat sources)
Incomplete protein A source of protein lacking in 1 or more of the essential AA (non-meat sources)
How do our brains concentrate and focus? By feeding off amino acids
What is in a protein? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
What is the structure of the amino acid? A central carbon atom, hydrogen atom, an amino group, and an acid group attached to it
What do peptide bonds do? Unite each amino acid to the next end-to-end to form a link in a protein chain
Dipeptide two amino acids bonded
Tripeptide three
Oligopeptide 4-9 amino acids
Polypeptide 10 or more
Denaturation When proteins are subjected to heat, acid, other conditions that disturb their stability causing the bonds to uncoil or be destroyed
Where does protein hydrolysis (breakdown) partially begin? Stomach
Why does hydrochloric acid denature (uncoil) protein strands? Digestive enzyme can attack individual peptide bonds
Peptin (Gastric enzyme) Activated by hydrochloric acid, cleaving proteins into smaller polypeptides and amino acids
Protease Enzyme further hydrolyzes proteins in small intestine into shorter chains
Peptidase Final digestive enzyme hydrolyzes proteins into tri, di, and singular peptides (amino acids) for absorption into the intestinal walls or to the liver for further protein turnover.
Protein turnover Degradation and synthesis of protein (Measured by consumption/excretion of nitrogen)
Examples of Complete Proteins Meat, Fish, and Dairy
Examples of Incomplete Proteins Vegetables, Nuts, and Grains
How much of our bodies are made up of proteins? 17% (every cell in the human body contains proteins)
What are proteins mainly used for? Function and helps produce energy. NOT used for storage or to recall on for energy
How many kcal/gram of proteins? 4
What type of meals help keep you feeling fuller longer? high protein meals
What do proteins help with? Repair cell and make new ones
What are proteins necessary for? Optimal growth, development and repair
What is the RDA for proteins 10-35% total calories for the average person
Children, teens, and pregnant women need higher protein intake to support what? Growth?
What is the specific recommendation for protein consumption? 0.8g/kg body weight
Diets too high in protein can lead to disease accelerations such as Chronic Kidney Disease
Diets too low in protein can lead to increase in protein synthesis and degradation of protein in the body
Examples of effects from diets to low in protein slowed growth, impaired brain/kidney function, weakened immunity, inadequate nutrient absorption
What type of condition can be caused from a low protein diet Edema (plasma proteins leak out of the blood vessels into the interstitial spaces causing swelling.)
Which AA are conditionally essential because we can produce them but only under healthy circumstances? Arganine, Cysteine, Glutamine, Glycine, Proline, Tyrosine
When can’t we make these conditionally AA? starvation or inborn error of metabolism.
Created by: Kyla1
 

 



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