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Nutrition Quiz 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the building block of proteins? | Amino acids (AA) |
| Non essential AA | produced in the body |
| Essential AA | not produced in the body and need to be taken in through diet |
| How many essential AA are there? | 9 |
| What are the 9 essential AA? | histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylanine, threonine, typtophan and valine |
| Conditional | Needed in times of illness and stress |
| What are the 2 categories of proteins? | Complete and incomplete protein |
| Complete protein | Source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of all 9 essential AA (meat sources) |
| Incomplete protein | A source of protein lacking in 1 or more of the essential AA (non-meat sources) |
| How do our brains concentrate and focus? | By feeding off amino acids |
| What is in a protein? | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
| What is the structure of the amino acid? | A central carbon atom, hydrogen atom, an amino group, and an acid group attached to it |
| What do peptide bonds do? | Unite each amino acid to the next end-to-end to form a link in a protein chain |
| Dipeptide | two amino acids bonded |
| Tripeptide | three |
| Oligopeptide | 4-9 amino acids |
| Polypeptide | 10 or more |
| Denaturation | When proteins are subjected to heat, acid, other conditions that disturb their stability causing the bonds to uncoil or be destroyed |
| Where does protein hydrolysis (breakdown) partially begin? | Stomach |
| Why does hydrochloric acid denature (uncoil) protein strands? | Digestive enzyme can attack individual peptide bonds |
| Peptin (Gastric enzyme) | Activated by hydrochloric acid, cleaving proteins into smaller polypeptides and amino acids |
| Protease | Enzyme further hydrolyzes proteins in small intestine into shorter chains |
| Peptidase | Final digestive enzyme hydrolyzes proteins into tri, di, and singular peptides (amino acids) for absorption into the intestinal walls or to the liver for further protein turnover. |
| Protein turnover | Degradation and synthesis of protein (Measured by consumption/excretion of nitrogen) |
| Examples of Complete Proteins | Meat, Fish, and Dairy |
| Examples of Incomplete Proteins | Vegetables, Nuts, and Grains |
| How much of our bodies are made up of proteins? | 17% (every cell in the human body contains proteins) |
| What are proteins mainly used for? | Function and helps produce energy. NOT used for storage or to recall on for energy |
| How many kcal/gram of proteins? | 4 |
| What type of meals help keep you feeling fuller longer? | high protein meals |
| What do proteins help with? | Repair cell and make new ones |
| What are proteins necessary for? | Optimal growth, development and repair |
| What is the RDA for proteins | 10-35% total calories for the average person |
| Children, teens, and pregnant women need higher protein intake to support what? | Growth? |
| What is the specific recommendation for protein consumption? | 0.8g/kg body weight |
| Diets too high in protein can lead to | disease accelerations such as Chronic Kidney Disease |
| Diets too low in protein can lead to | increase in protein synthesis and degradation of protein in the body |
| Examples of effects from diets to low in protein | slowed growth, impaired brain/kidney function, weakened immunity, inadequate nutrient absorption |
| What type of condition can be caused from a low protein diet | Edema (plasma proteins leak out of the blood vessels into the interstitial spaces causing swelling.) |
| Which AA are conditionally essential because we can produce them but only under healthy circumstances? | Arganine, Cysteine, Glutamine, Glycine, Proline, Tyrosine |
| When can’t we make these conditionally AA? | starvation or inborn error of metabolism. |
Created by:
Kyla1