Nutrition Quiz 5
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What are the building block of proteins? | Amino acids (AA)
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| Non essential AA | produced in the body
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| Essential AA | not produced in the body and need to be taken in through diet
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| How many essential AA are there? | 9
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| What are the 9 essential AA? | histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylanine, threonine, typtophan and valine
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| Conditional | Needed in times of illness and stress
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| What are the 2 categories of proteins? | Complete and incomplete protein
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| Complete protein | Source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of all 9 essential AA (meat sources)
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| Incomplete protein | A source of protein lacking in 1 or more of the essential AA (non-meat sources)
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| How do our brains concentrate and focus? | By feeding off amino acids
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| What is in a protein? | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
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| What is the structure of the amino acid? | A central carbon atom, hydrogen atom, an amino group, and an acid group attached to it
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| What do peptide bonds do? | Unite each amino acid to the next end-to-end to form a link in a protein chain
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| Dipeptide | two amino acids bonded
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| Tripeptide | three
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| Oligopeptide | 4-9 amino acids
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| Polypeptide | 10 or more
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| Denaturation | When proteins are subjected to heat, acid, other conditions that disturb their stability causing the bonds to uncoil or be destroyed
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| Where does protein hydrolysis (breakdown) partially begin? | Stomach
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| Why does hydrochloric acid denature (uncoil) protein strands? | Digestive enzyme can attack individual peptide bonds
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| Peptin (Gastric enzyme) | Activated by hydrochloric acid, cleaving proteins into smaller polypeptides and amino acids
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| Protease | Enzyme further hydrolyzes proteins in small intestine into shorter chains
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| Peptidase | Final digestive enzyme hydrolyzes proteins into tri, di, and singular peptides (amino acids) for absorption into the intestinal walls or to the liver for further protein turnover.
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| Protein turnover | Degradation and synthesis of protein (Measured by consumption/excretion of nitrogen)
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| Examples of Complete Proteins | Meat, Fish, and Dairy
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| Examples of Incomplete Proteins | Vegetables, Nuts, and Grains
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| How much of our bodies are made up of proteins? | 17% (every cell in the human body contains proteins)
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| What are proteins mainly used for? | Function and helps produce energy. NOT used for storage or to recall on for energy
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| How many kcal/gram of proteins? | 4
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| What type of meals help keep you feeling fuller longer? | high protein meals
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| What do proteins help with? | Repair cell and make new ones
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| What are proteins necessary for? | Optimal growth, development and repair
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| What is the RDA for proteins | 10-35% total calories for the average person
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| Children, teens, and pregnant women need higher protein intake to support what? | Growth?
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| What is the specific recommendation for protein consumption? | 0.8g/kg body weight
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| Diets too high in protein can lead to | disease accelerations such as Chronic Kidney Disease
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| Diets too low in protein can lead to | increase in protein synthesis and degradation of protein in the body
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| Examples of effects from diets to low in protein | slowed growth, impaired brain/kidney function, weakened immunity, inadequate nutrient absorption
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| What type of condition can be caused from a low protein diet | Edema (plasma proteins leak out of the blood vessels into the interstitial spaces causing swelling.)
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| Which AA are conditionally essential because we can produce them but only under healthy circumstances? | Arganine, Cysteine, Glutamine, Glycine, Proline, Tyrosine
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| When can’t we make these conditionally AA? | starvation or inborn error of metabolism.
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Created by:
Kyla1